Flashcards in Bacterial, Viral, Fungal, and Parasitic Infections - ATI Chapter 56 Deck (161)
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1
______ are the micro-organisms or microbes that cause infections.
Pathogens
2
_____ is the ability of a pathogen to invade the host and cause disease.
Virulence
3
_____ is a common viral infection that erupts years after exposure to chickenpox and invades a specific nerve tract.
Herpes zoster i
4
_______ is the most common type of pathogen (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
bacteria
5
______ are organisms that use the host's genetic machinery to reproduce (rhinovirus, HIV, hepatitis, herpes zoster, herpes simplex)
viruses
6
____ are molds and yeasts (Candida albicans, Aspergillus)
fungi
7
_____ are protein particles that have the ability to cause infections (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease).
prions
8
____ are organisms that live on and often cause harm to a host organism.
parasites
9
Malaria and toxoplasmosis are examples of
protozoa
10
Worms: flatworms, roundworms are examples of
Helminths
11
Schistosomes are examples of
Flukes
12
Lice, mites, ticks are examples of
Arthropods
13
The infection process (________) includes the following.
chain of infection
14
______ of infections include bacteria, viruses, fungus, prion and parasites.
causative agent
15
Examples of ______ of infection include humans, animals, food, water, soil, insects, and fomites.
reservoir
16
Portals of exit from (means leaving) the host
respiratory tract
gastrointestinal tract
genitourinary tract
skin/mucous membranes
blood/body fluids
17
HIV and hepatitis B and C exit the body (portal of exit) via ______.
blood/body fluids
18
Herpes simplex virus and varicella exit the body (portal of exit) via ______.
skin/mucous membranes
19
Escherichia coli, herpes simplex virus (type 1), HIV exit the body (portal of exit) via _______.
genitourinary tract
20
Shigella, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhi, hepatitis A, C. diff exit the body (portal of exit) via ______.
gastrointestinal tract
21
Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Parainfluenza virus exit the body (portal of exit) via ______.
respiratory tract
22
Modes of transmissions
contact
droplet
airborne
vector-borne
23
Contact modes of transmission
direct physical contact
indirect contact with a vehicle of transmission
fecal-oral transmission
24
Person to person transmission is known as _____ contact.
direct physical
25
Inanimate objects, water, food, and blood are modes of transmission known as _______.
indirect contact with a vehicle of transmission
26
Handling food after using a restroom and failing to wash hands result in the _______.
fecal-oral transmission
27
_____ transmission is when large droplets travel through the air up to 3 to 6 feet (sneezing, coughing, and talking).
droplet
28
_____ transmission is when small droplets remain int he air and can travel extended distances depending on airflow (sneezing and coughing)
airborne
29
_____ transmission occurs when animals or insects as intermediaries (ticks transmit Lyme disease; mosquitoes transmit West Nile virus and malaria).
vector-borne
30
