Bacteriology Part 1 Flashcards
1
Q
*Define normal flora
A
Bacteria and fungi that are permanent residents of certain body sites (skin, oropharynx, and vagina)
2
Q
*Define endemic
A
Bug specific to a certain region (ex histoplasmosis)
3
Q
- Define epidemic
A
Bug that affects a broader population (ex Ebola)
4
Q
- Define Pandemic
A
Bug that spans continents; worldwide (HIV; black plague)
5
Q
*Define subclinical
A
Pathogen/disease is present but does not present with any symptoms (ex chlamydia)
6
Q
*Define Latent
A
Bug that remains in an inactive or hidden phase (ex herpes simplex)
7
Q
*What is the source of exotoxins?
A
G+ and G- bacteremia
primarily gram + bacteria
8
Q
- a. What is the source of endotoxins
b. what are the symptoms?
A
a. G-Rods and Cocci (gram- bacteria)
b. Fever, shock, general sympt
9
Q
- Name 4 main portals for transmission
A
GI tract, Genital tract, skin, Respiratory tract
10
Q
- Name examples of Gram + cocci
A
S. Pneumoniae, S. Pyogenes, S. aureus
11
Q
- Name examples of Gram - cocci
A
N. meningitis
12
Q
- a) What organism causes tetanus toxin
b) what disease is caused
A
a) Clostridium tetani
b) lockjaw
13
Q
- a) What organism causes botulinum toxin
b) What disease is caused
A
a) Clostridium botulinum
b) Botulism–> parylasis of muscles
14
Q
- What organism causes Exotoxin A
A
Clostridium difficile
15
Q
- What symptom does Clostridium difficile cause?
A
Watery diarrhea
16
Q
- What organism causes alpha toxin
A
Clostridium perfringens
17
Q
*Which action does Clostridium perfringens lead to?
A
Wide spread cell death
18
Q
*What organism causes anthrax?
A
Bacillus anthracis
19
Q
- What is a symptom of anthrax?
A
Tissue edema (of lungs)
20
Q
- What organism causes toxic shock syndrome?
A
Staphylococcus aureus
21
Q
*What organism causes erythrogenic toxin?
A
Streptococcus pyogenes
22
Q
- What disease is streptococcus pyogenes associated with?
A
Scarlet fever (characteristic rash)
23
Q
- What organism is associated with heat-liable enterotoxin?
A
E. coli
24
Q
*What disorder is caused by E-coli
A
Watery, nonbloody diarrhea
25
* What organism is associated with Verotoxin
E. Coli O157: H7
26
* a) What is the source of E. coli O157: H7?
| b) what symptom results?
a) Undercooked hamburger
| b) Bloody diarrhea
27
*What symptom does cholerae enterotoxin cause?
Diarrhea
28
What is the difference between coagulase + and coagulase -
Coagulase + forms a clot due to the conversion of fibrogenin to fibrin; coagulase - does not form a clot
29
* What are the 3 types of staphylococcus?
Staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, and staphylococcus saprophyticus
30
What disorder is staphylococcus aureus associated with?
ABSCESSES, Endocarditis, & Osteomyelitis
31
What disorder is staphylococcus epidermidis associated with?
Endocarditis
32
What disorder is staphylococcus saprophyticus associated with?
UTIs
33
* a)What symptoms do enterotoxins cause?
| b) what is often associated?
a) Vomiting and watery, nonbloody diarrhea
| b) FOOD POISONING
34
*What disorder is associated with Exfoliatin (type of toxin)
Scalded skin syndrome
35
*What symptoms are associated with Toxic Shock Syndrome?
Fever, hypotension, rash
36
What smear do Gram + cocci present with?
grape-like clusters
37
*What disease is associated with streptococcus?
Pharyngitis
38
How are spherical cocci usually arranged?
Chains or pairs
39
*What is associated with Erythrogenic toxin?
Scarlet fever
40
* What is Streptolysin O associated with?
Rheumatic fever
41
* What is Pyrogenis exotoxin A associated with?
Super antigen
42
* What is associated with Exotoxin B?
Necrotizing fascitis
43
What is streptococcus bovis endocarditis associated with?
Colon cancer
44
*What disease is elevated ASO (antistreptylocin) titers associated with?
Rheumatic fever
45
What is the shape of the streptococcus pneumonia bug?
Lancet shaped cocci (comma) and arranged in pairs (diplococci)
46
What is streptoccus pneumoniae associated with?
Rusty color sputum
47
*What are the 2 main types of gram- cocci?
Neisseria meningitis and Neisseria gonorrhea
48
*What disease is neisseria meningitis associated with?
Meningitis and meningitiscoccemia
49
* What disease is neisseria gonorrhoeae associated with?
Gonorrhea and neonatal conjunctivitis
50
What shape do Neisseria have?
Gram- rods resembling kidney beans
51
*What does the N. meningitidis capsule resist?
Phagocytosis
52
* What are the signs of meningitis?
Fever, stiff neck, increased # PMN's in spinal fluid
53
a)What is the life threatening form of meningitis and b) what organism causes it?
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
| b) Meningococcemia
54
People with burns (and newborns) are particularly succeptable to which organism?
Neisseria gonorrhoea
55
What is the only gram + rod that has anaerobic growth?
Clostridium
56
*What organism causes anthrax?
Bacillus Anthracis
57
What occupation could make someone susceptible to anthrax?
Farmer, someone who takes care of livestock (as bacillus anthracis is common in animals)
58
*What is the trasmission of Gram + rods?
Spores persist in soil--> transmission to hums via spores on animal products--> portal skin, mucus membranes, and respiratory tract
59
*What disease are the following signs characteristic of: malignant pustule, painless ulcer with black necrotic eschar, and edema?
Wool sorters disease
60
*What is the organism bacillus cereus associated with?
Rice
61
*What is clostridium perfringens associated with?
Food poisoning and gas gangrene (myonecrosis)
62
What is clostridium difficile associated with?
antibiotic-associated pseudomembraneous colitis
63
What do clostridium tetani spores look like?
tennis racket appearance
64
*How is clostridium botulinum transmitted?
Canned vegetables and meats
65
*What type of bacteria is clostridium botulinum?
Spore formung, Gram +, anaerobe
66
* How is the infant ingested form of afebrile (or c. botulinum) transmitted?
contaminated honey
67
How is Clostridium difficile transmitted?
hands via oral fecal route (handwashing is impt)
68
What symptom does Endotoxin A of c. difficle cause?
Watery diarrhea
69
* What organism causes diptheria?
Corynebacterium diptheriae
70
What symptom is associated with Corynebacterium diptheriae?
tough adherent gray pseudomenbrane of throat/ also coughing
71
*What organism causes meningitis and sepsis in newborns & immunocompromised hosts?
Listeria monocytogenes
72
*How is Listeria monocytogenes transmitted?
Fecal material, unpasteurized milk, and contaminated vegetables
73
What food is listeriosis associated with?
unpasteurized cheese
74
What is the most common cause of UTI & gram - sepsis
E. Coli
75
What disease is Enterotoxigenic E. Coli responsible for causing?
Traveler's diarrhea
76
What organism causes bloody diarrhea?
E. Coli 0157: H7
77
*What is the cause of E. Coli O157: H7?
undercooked meats
78
What disease does the salmonella cause?
Typhoid fever
79
* a)What organism causes salmonellois and
| b) what is the cause?
a) S. enterica
| b) Uncooked poultry (and eggs)
80
*What organism is liked to typhoid mary?
Typhoid
81
What is the organism Shigella linked to?
Enterocolitis (dysentary)
82
*What organism is commonly found in daycares?
Shigella
83
*What is the most effective method used to prevent transmission of organisms?
Handwashing
84
*What organism causes Cholera?
Vibrio cholerae
85
* What organism causes diarrhea and is associated with eating raw/improperly cooked seafoods?
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
86
What organism is comma-shaped and lives in high salt concentrations?
Vibro parahawmolyticus
87
*What are 2 symptoms associated with Cholera?
Rice water stools and hypovolemic shock (acidosis & hypokalemia)
88
What organism is the major cause of diarrhea in the US?
Campylobacter jejuni
89
*What organism causes Peptic ulcer disease?
Heliobacter pylori
90
*What organism produces a blue pus color and is florescent in UV light?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
91
What organism is prevalent in water, swimming pools, and hot tubs?
Pseudomonas
92
What organism causes symptoms that mimic appendicitis?
Yersinia enterocoltica
93
*What organism produces a thick, currant jelly sputum?
Kelbsiella pneumonia
94
* What does Proteus-Providencia-morganela group cause?
Struvite (type of kidney stone)
95
What organism is a common cause of UTIs?
P. Mirabilis
96
*What kind of infections does H. influenzae cause?
(Respiratory infections)Otitis media, sinusitis, epiglottis
97
*What is the leading cause of meningitis in children?
H. influenzaw
98
* Type B capsular antigen of H. Influenzae is associated with what disease?
Meningitis and sepsis
99
*What organism causes Epiglottitis?
Haemophilus Influenzae
100
What disorder does Legonella pneumophilia cause?
Pneumonia
101
* What population is primarily affected by Legionella pneumophillia?
older smoking male consuming substantial amounts of ETOH
102
* What disorder is associated with Bordatella pertussis?
Whooping cough
103
What organism is responsible for causing onion skin rot?
Burkholderia cepacia
104
* What organism is transmitted by cat and dog bites?
Pasteurella multocida
105
*What organism is transmitted by rodents, prairie dogs, and flea bites?
Yersinia pestis
106
*What organism is transmitted by contact with animal tissues (rabbits, ticks, deer)?
Francisella tularensis
107
*What organism is transmitted by contact with contaminated dairy products, and contact with animal tissue (pigs, cattle, goats, sheep)?
Brucella species
108
* What disease does Brucella species cause?
Brucellosis
109
* a) What disease does Francisella tularensis cause?
| b) What is associated with its transport?
a) Tularemia (endemic to AR)
| b) ticks, mites, and lice
110
*What organism causes the disease Buboni plaque, Black death?
Yersinia pestis
111
*What organism causes the disease cellulitis?
Pasteurella multocida
112
What organism causes undulant fever?
Brucellosis
113
What organism resembles the shape of a safety pin?
Yersinia pestis
114
What organism causes syphilis?
T. Pallidum
115
** What organism causes lyme disease?
Borrelia Burgdorferi
116
*What organism causes relapsing fever and is transmitted by body louse?
Borrelia Recurrentis
117
* What organism causes TB?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
118
*What organism is an obligate aerobe and involces acid-fast?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
119
What organism causes leprosy, hansen's disease?
Mycobacterium leprae
120
*What organism causes walking pneuomina and is common in young, health smokers?
Mycoplasm pneumonia
121
*What disease does R. Rickettsii cause?
Rocky mountain spotted fever
122
**What organism is linked to farm animals, inhales aerosols, and ingested milk?
Coxiella Brunetti
123
* What disease is caused by Coxiella Brunetti?
Q (query) fever
124
** If someone is treated for mycoplasma pneumonia & they aren't getting better what organism might you consider and why?
Coxielle Burnetti because it has similar symptoms such as atypical pneumonia and subacute endocarditis
125
*What organism causes catch scratch disease?
Bartonella henselae
126
*What disease is associated with B. Quintana?
Trench fever
