bago

Question 1

is the process by which animals produce offspring. Reproductive decisions are some of the most critical management decisions that a producer makes.

Answer 1

Reproduction

Question 2

the production of offspring by the fusion of haploid gametes (eggs & sperm) from two parents to form a diploid zygote (fertilized egg).

Answer 2

Sexual Reproduction

Question 3

are where male gametes, sperm cells, are produced.

Answer 3

Testes

Question 4

the testes contains______where sperm are formed

Answer 4

seminiferous tubules

Question 5

_________ scattered between the tubules produce testosterone & other androgens.

Answer 5

Leydig Cells

Question 6

Sperm production can’t occur at normal body temperature in mammals, so the testes are held outside the body in the _________.

Answer 6

scrotum

Question 7

After leaving the testes, sperm pass through the __________ where they become motile and gain the ability to fertilize an egg

Answer 7

epididymis

Question 8

Sperm leave the body through the _________and _________. The penis, deposits semen in the female reproductive tract

Answer 8

vas deferens, urethra

Question 9

An orgasm occurs as rhythmic muscular contractions compress the urethra and expel the semen. This expulsion is termed ________

Answer 9

ejaculation

Question 10

The accessory sex glands provide _______% of total ejaculate volume

Answer 10

95-98

Question 11

produces a secretion that buffers the vaginal pH, which us normally 3.5 to 4

Answer 11

prostate gland

Question 12

adds fructose to nourish the sperm and prostaglandins to promote contractions in the female.

Answer 12

seminal vesicles

Question 13

produces mucus which lubricates the penis

Answer 13

bulbourethral gland (cowpers gland)

Question 14

this is the production of spermatozoa which occurs in the seminiferous tubule

Answer 14

spermatogenesis

Question 15

the conversion of the spermatids into spermatozoa

Answer 15

spermiogenesis

Question 16

the release of the spermatozoon into lumen of the seminiferous tubule

Answer 16

spermiation

Question 17

the final maturation of the spermatozoon which occurs in the female genital tract

Answer 17

capacitation

Question 18

It stimulates the development of secondary sexual characteristics such as wattle and comb growth, colored plumage etc. and has growth-promoting effects.

Answer 18

testosterone

Question 19

are where female gametes, egg cells, are produced

Answer 19

ovaries

Question 20

contains one egg cell as well as follicle cells that nurture the developing egg

Answer 20

follicle

Question 21

Puberty through menopause one follicle ruptures and release its egg cell

Answer 21

ovulation

Question 22

forms from the ruptured follicle secretes progesterone to help maintain the uterine lining during pregnancy.

Answer 22

corpus luteum

Question 23

After ovulation, the egg leaves the ovary and enters the _____, which it follows to the _____.

Answer 23

oviduct, uterus

Question 24

is a muscular sphincter between uterus and vagina

Answer 24

cervix

Question 25

is a muscular structure that functions to receive penis and also as the birth canal

Answer 25

vagina

Question 26

is homologous with the glans penis in males

Answer 26

clitoris

Question 27

increasing levels of these estrogens is an important factor in the development of _____

Answer 27

libido

Question 28

considered the hormone of pregnancy because it causes development of the uterus prior to implantation of the fertilized ovum.

Answer 28

progesterone

Question 29

synonymous to the mammalian penis, deposits the sperm cells into the hen's reproductive tract

Answer 29

phallus

Question 31

receives the ovulated yolk from the ovary and if live sperm is present in this region, fertilization takes place. this takes about 15 minutes

Answer 31

infundibulum (3-4 in)

Question 32

secretes the thick albumen of the egg. the process takes about 3 hours to complete

Answer 32

magnum (15 in)

Question 33

where the inner and outer shell membrane is added, for 1 1/4 hrs

Answer 33

isthmus (4 in)

Question 34

where the shell and thin albumen of the egg is finally added. Egg remains for 20 hours

Answer 34

uterus

Question 35

where egg stays shortly for a few minutes before being laid

Answer 35

vagina

Question 36

it takes approximately ____hours for an egg to be produced

Answer 36

25-27

Question 38

the time that elapses from the time an egg is incubated by the hen or placed in an incubator until the chick is hatched

Answer 38

incubation period

Question 39

is the time when the female is receptice to the male

Answer 39

estrus or heat

Question 40

there is increased development of the ovaries and its ovarian follicles under the influence of the follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone.

Answer 40

proestrus

Question 41

period of sexual receptivity, determined largely by increased levels of E2 produced by the mature ovarian follicles.

Answer 41

Estrus

Question 42

the postovulatory phase where the corpus luteum is well developed and functional.

Answer 42

metestus

Question 43

relatively short period of quiescence between estrous cycles

Answer 43

diestrus

Question 44

the reproductivr organs are deprived of hormonal influence at the end of breeding period

Answer 44

anestrus

Question 45

Signs of heat in Cattle

Answer 45

1. Standing when mounted (standing heat) 2. Mounting other animal irrespective of sex (mounting heat) 3. Inappetance 4. Nervousness 5. Reddening and swelling of the vulva 6. Frequent urination 7. Presence of mucous discharge 8. Bellowing

Question 46

Signs of heat in swine

Answer 46

1.Manifests standing and mounting heat, also, assume a mating stance when touched on the back by a boar or caretaker 2. Restlessness 3. Swelling, redness and presence of discharges from the vulva 4. Frequent urination 5. Loud grunting

Question 47

Signs of heat in sheep

Answer 47

* Does not show any visible signs of heat. The surest sign to tell if the ewe is in heat is if she accepts the ram Swelling, reddening and inflammation of vulva Presence of a clear and stringy mucous discharge from the vulva Frequent urination Tail wagging

Question 48

Signs of heat in goat

Answer 48

Nervousness Riding other animals and standing when ridden Swelling, reddening and presence of mucous discharges in the vulva Frequent urination Shaking the tail Bleating

Question 49

signs of heat in horse

Answer 49

Raised tail Relaxation and presence of mucous discharges in the vulva Frequent urination Teasing other mares and apparent desire to be with other horses

Question 50

release of the egg cell from the ovarian follicle

Answer 50

ovulation

Question 51

In most animal species, like cat, rabbit, mink, and ferret, ovulation occurs during the act of coitus. these animals are called ______

Answer 51

Reflex ovulators

Question 52

the process of giving birth to a new animal

Answer 52

parturition

Question 53

stages of parturition

Answer 53

1st stage - start of uterine contractions 2nd stage - delivery of the fetus 3rd stage- expulsion of the placenta

Question 54

Parturition Process

Answer 54

Normal presentation -front feet first - nose -head and shoulders -hips -rear legs -rear feet last

Question 55

First post-parturient estrus occurs in the following domestic animals Cow - ____days average Sow- _____ days average Ewe - ______ days average Mare- ______ days average

Answer 55

35 4 35 11

Question 56

Placing or depositing of semen in the female reproductive tract by artificial means rather than by natural mating

Answer 56

artificial insemination

Question 57

semen collection employs several methods, the most common are:

Answer 57

Artificial vagina Electroejaculator Manual massage/pressure application

Question 58

Advantages of artificial insemination

Answer 58

1. Maximum use is made of outstanding sires. Semen can be used after the sire has died or can be shipped anywhere in the world. 2. Uniformity of offspring is increased. 3. Certain physical handicaps to mating may be overcome. 4. Sire cost can be reduced. 5. Danger and cost of keeping a sire is eliminated. 6. Cost and delays involved in using infertile sire are reduced. 7. Better health is maintained. 8. Breeding herd records are improved. 9. Profits are increased.

Question 59

Limitations of artificial insemination

Answer 59

Could spread diseases easily if improperly used Spreads poor genes very rapidly if sire used is of poor genetic quality Lower reproductive efficiency rate than that of natural mating Equipment and supplies used in Al work are expensive and not locally available Well trained technicians are needed to carry on the work

Question 60

Animals are treated with a drug-prostaglandin or its analogs, to reset their reproductive clocks

Answer 60

Estrus synchronization

Question 61

this process takes advantage of superior genes from the dam and sure and producing a number of genetically superior animals in a short period of time

Answer 61

Multiple ovulation (superovulation)

Question 62

practice of increasing the nutritional level about 2 weeks prior to breeding for the promotion of ovulation

Answer 62

flushing

Question 63

a microscopic surgical blade is used to puncture the zona pellucida of the embryo and cuts it into half

Answer 63

embryo splitting

Question 64

removal or collection of an embryo in its early stage of development from its own mothers reproductive tract and transferring to another females reproductive tract for development to term

Answer 64

embryo transfer/transplant

Question 65

advantages of embryo transfer

Answer 65

More offspring from outstanding females Opportunity to test males genetically, for carrying undesirable traits Facilitates transport of genetic resources Storage and preservation of embryos through cryopreservation

Question 66

is semen that contains only all male or all female sperm. there is only about a 90% chance that the preferred sex will be produced and the cost of the semen is much higher

Answer 66

sexed semen