Balance Flashcards

1
Q

Somatosensory Input

A

Somatosensory Receptors are located in the joint, muscles, ligaments and skin

Provides proprioceptive input regarding: Length, tension, pressure, pain and joint position

Tactile and proprioceptive input from the ankles, knees, hips and neck provide balance information

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2
Q

Challenging the Somatosensory System

A

Observation of a patient when changing the surface they are standing on.

  • Slopes
  • Uneven Surfaces
  • Standing on Foam
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3
Q

Visual Input

A

Visual receptors allow for visual acuity regarding:

  • verticality
  • motion of objects and self
  • environmental orientation
  • postural sway and movements of head and neck
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4
Q

Which form of input do children rely on to maintain balance?

A

[Children often rely heavily on the visual system for the maintenance of balance]

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5
Q

Challenging the visual system

A

Examination of standing with eyes open (EO)

  • Eyes closed
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6
Q

Vestibular Input

A

Provides feedback to the CNS with feedback regarding the position and movement of the head in relation to gravity

[Labyrinth consists of 3 semicircular canals filled with endolymph and two otolith organ]

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7
Q

What are the Semicircular Canals responsible for?

A

Respond to the movement of fluid with head motion

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8
Q

What are the otoliths responsible for?

A

Measure the effects of gravity and head movements with regards to acceleration/deceleration

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9
Q

Challenging the Vestibular System

A

Examination of balance with headmovement

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10
Q

What is the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex (VOR)

A

Allows for head/eye movement coordination

  • Supports gaze stabilization through eye movement that counters movements of the head
  • Maintenance of a stable image on the retina during movement
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11
Q

What is the Vestibulospinal Reflex (VSR)

A

Attempt to stabilize the body and control movement

  • Reflex assists with stability while the head is movement
  • Coordination of the trunk during upright postures
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12
Q

What is Ankle Strategy

A

First strategy to be elicited by a small range and small velocity perturbation

  • Feet are on the ground
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13
Q

What direction do muscles groups contract during ankle stategy?

A

Muscle groups contract [distal to proximal] to control postural sway from the ankle joint

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14
Q

What is Hip Strategy

A

Elicited by a greater force

  • Challenge or perturbation through the hips and pelvis
  • Hips move in the [opposite] direction to the head
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15
Q

What direction do muscle groups contract during hip strategy?

A

Muscle groups contract in a [proximal to distal] fashion to counteract loss of balance

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16
Q

What is Suspensory Strategy?

A

Lowering the center of gravity (COG) during standing or ambulation in order to better control the COG

  • knee flexion
  • crouching
  • Squatting

Used during [surfing]

17
Q

What is Stepping strategy?

A

Elicited through unexpected challenges or perturbation

  • During static standing or when perturbation that moves COG beyond an individuals BOS
  • LE step and/or UE reach to regain a new BOS