Balance

Question 1

Ability to perform smooth, accurate, controlled movements. Requires proximal stability

Answer 1

coordination

Question 2

ability to maintain COG over BOS

Answer 2

balance

Question 3

Balance requires a pt to have…(3)

Answer 3

1. posture
2. stabilization
3. react to perturbations

Question 4

limit of shift while balance is maintained

Answer 4

limits of stability

Question 5

3 systems involved with balance

Answer 5

1. visual
2. vestibular
3. somatosensory

Question 6

system that involves relative location of body parts. involves proprioception and kinesthesia

Answer 6

somatosensory

Question 7

part of somatosensory system that provides info about jt position. Proprioception

Answer 7

Ruffini endings

Question 8

part of somatosensory system that provides info about jt movement. kinesthesia

Answer 8

Pacinian corpuscles

Question 9

part of somatosensory system that provides danger info/nociception

Answer 9

free nerve endings

Question 10

provides info regarding orientation of head in space and acceleration of the head/body

Answer 10

vestibular system

Question 11

pathway from three systems to brain

Answer 11

3 systems- cerebellum- basal ganglia- motor area

Question 12

use pre-programmed, automatic responses. used for simple tasks

Answer 12

feedforward output

Question 13

movement relies on sensory info. used for precision movements.

Answer 13

feedback output

Question 14

functional coupling of groups of mm so they must act together as a unit.

Answer 14

synergies

Question 15

synergies are what kind of output

Answer 15

feedforward

Question 16

factors influencing which synergies are chosen (3)

Answer 16

1. support surface
2. displacing forces
3. pt’s awareness

Question 17

what are 3 main synergy strategies

Answer 17

1. ankle
2. hip
3. step

Question 18

muscle activation for ankle strategy

Answer 18

distal to prox

Question 19

muscle activation for hip strategy

Answer 19

prox to distal

Question 20

stepping strategy may or may not…

Answer 20

correct balance

Question 21

synergy where weight shifts from one leg to the other

Answer 21

weight shift strategy

Question 22

COG is quickly lowered by flexing knees, ankles, and hips

Answer 22

suspension strategy

Question 23

balance impairments are caused by deficits in…(3)

Answer 23

1. sensory input
2. sensory processing
3. motor output

Question 24

unplanned, unexpected contact with a supporting surface

Answer 24

fall

Question 25

most falls occur during (3)

Answer 25

1. walking 2. turning 3. stairs

Question 26

what is the single best predictor of future fall risk

Answer 26

lateral stability

Question 27

patient education for falls includes (2)

Answer 27

1. AD | 2. Home assessment

Question 28

2 static balance tests

Answer 28

1. vary BOS | 2. vary visual input

Question 29

4 dynamic balance tests

Answer 29

1. functional reach 2. TUG 3. 30 sec chair stand 4. 4 stage

Question 30

when challenging balance consider (4)

Answer 30

1. gait belt 2. support structure 3. guarding 4. environment

Question 31

balance progression from static to dynamic (3)

Answer 31

1. static trunk 2. dynamic trunk 3. static trunk, dynamic extremities

Question 32

physiological justification for improving balance

Answer 32

motor learning

Question 33

filled with endolymph and detect acceleration

Answer 33

semicircular canals

Question 34

respond to linear acceleration and static head tilt

Answer 34

saccule and utricle

Question 35

illusion of movement, sense the environment moving

Answer 35

vertigo

Question 36

felling that fainting is about to occur

Answer 36

light headedness

Question 37

sensation of being off balance

Answer 37

dysequilibrium

Question 38

experience of motion of objects that are known to be stationary

Answer 38

oscillopsia

Question 39

most common cause of dizziness. otoconia move to areas where they don't belong

Answer 39

BPPV

Question 40

test to diagnose BPPV

Answer 40

Dix-Hallpike

Question 41

BPPV treatments (3)

Answer 41

1. Epley 2. Semont 3. Brandt-Daroff

Question 42

Contraindications for vestibular rehab

Answer 42

1. tinnitus 2. acute neck injury 3. pressure in ear

Question 43

The vestibular system receives input from the...

Answer 43

Visual system

Question 44

Treating balance should be a...

Answer 44

Multi system approach

Question 45

Vestibular system function (2)

Answer 45

1. Stabilize visual images | 2. Maintain postural stability