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Ther Ex II > Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

Made up of the contractile proteins actin and myosin and form mm fibers

A

Myofibrils

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2
Q

Muscle cell. Made up of myofibrils and form fasciculus

A

Myofiber

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3
Q

Made up of bundles of myofibers and make up a muscle

A

Fasciculus

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4
Q

Thin filament that myosin binds to in order to perform cross bridges.

A

Actin

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5
Q

Thick filament that has heads to form cross bridges by attaching to actin.

A

Myosin

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6
Q

Binds with calcium and causes tropomyosin to change positions. The little guy.

A

Troponin

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7
Q

Blocks myosin from binding with actin until troponin moves it out of the way. The long guy

A

Tropomyosin

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8
Q

Mm response to single stimulus

A

Twitch

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9
Q

Length detector that provides excitable stimuli to contract mm when stretched. Parallel w/ mm fiber

A

Mm spindle

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10
Q

Tension detector that helps avoid excessive force with contraction. Within tendons

A

GTO Golgi tendon organ

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11
Q

Force generated during a single maximal effort

A

Mm strength

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12
Q

Ability to make repeated contractions against a submaximal load over an extended period of time. Walking, breathing, posture.

A

Mm endurance

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13
Q

Torque=

A

Force x moment arm

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14
Q

Perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis of rotation

A

Lever arm

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15
Q

Difference between skeletal mm, cardiac mm, smooth mm

A
  • smooth: multinucleus, unstriated
  • cardiac: single nucleus, striated
  • skeletal: multinucleus, striated
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16
Q

Contraction of mm physiological sequence

A

AP-ACh-mm cell-transverse tubule-SR(calcium)-Troponin moves tropomyosin

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17
Q 
Describe slow twitch type I fibers (4)
High
High
High
Low
A

High mitochondria
High capillary
Low force
High efficiency

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18
Q

Describe fast twitch type IIx mm fibers (4)

A

Low mitochondria
Fastest Vmax
Least efficient
High force

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19
Q

Describe fast twitch type IIa fibers (2)

A

Intermediate fibers

Most trainable

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20
Q

Type I, IIa, IIx mm fiber energy systems

A

Type I: aerobic
Type IIx: anaerobic
Type IIa: anaerobic (largest capacity)

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21
Q

Training that increases mitochondrial density

A

Endurance

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22
Q

Mm fiber type vs athletic performance

  • power athlete (sprinter)
  • endurance athlete
  • weightlifter/other
A
  • power athlete: high fast twitch
  • endurance athlete: high slow twitch
  • weightlifter/other: 50% mixed
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23
Q

Relationship between force, velocity, and power of mm contraction

A

Peak power at 200-300* per sec. Force decreases w/ speeds above this.

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24
Q

Isometric exercise advantages 3

A
  1. 10 degree overflow
  2. Useful for jt ROM restriction
  3. Prevent atrophy
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25
Isometric exercise disadvantages (4)
1. Mostly slow twitch 2. Limited functionality 3. Gains specific to jt angle
26
Weight machine advantages (2)
1. Safer | 2. Time efficient
27
Weight machine disadvantages (3)
1. Expensive 2. Unilateral difficult 3. Little neuro training
28
Free weights advantages (2)
1. 3 plane movement | 2. Neural component
29
Free weights disadvantages (3)
1. Resistance doesn't vary 2. Longer to learn 3. Less safe
30
Closed kinetic chain advantages (3)
1. Eccentric contractions 2. Decreased shear forces 3. Improved stability
31
Open kinetic chain advantages (2)
1. Focused strengthening | 2. Mostly concentric
32
Open kinetic chain disadvantages (1)
Decreased stability
33
Plyometrics movement requirements (3)
1. squat body weight 2. long jump = to height 3. SLS w/ eyes closed
34
Isokinetic exercise advantages
activate more mm fibers for longer periods
35
Isokinetic exercise disadvantages
Not functional Single plane motion OKC
36
Quick powerful movements made up of eccentric followed by concentric contractions of the same mm group.
Plyometrics
37
less than 3/5 MMT Strengthening exercises (3)
1. grav min 2. AAROM 3. Isometric
38
Exercise prescription for endurance (4)
1. 30-40% intense 2. 12-20 reps 3. 2-3 sets 4. 1-2 min rest low intensity high reps
39
Exercise prescription for strength (4)
1. 60-70% intense 2. 8-12 reps 3. 3 sets 4. 2-3 min rest Mod intense mod reps
40
Exercise prescription for power (4)
1. 85-100% increase force 2. 30-60% increase speed 3. 3-6 reps 4. 1-3 sets high intensity low reps
41
Connective tissue that surrounds entire mm. Superficial layer
epimysium
42
connective tissue that surrounds fascicles. Middle layer
Perimysium
43
connective tissue that surrounds each myofiber. Deepest layer
Endomysium
44
Physiological justification for strength training. 7 (4)
1. Increase motor units recruited 2. Type II hypertrophy w/ high intensity 3. Type I hypertrophy w/ low intensity 4. Type IIa -> type IIx
45
Benefit of strength training for connective tissue.
Increase tensile strength
46
Benefits of strength training for bones
Increase bone density
47
Smaller exercise sessions w/ increased freq for pts w/
Osteoporosis
48
Benefits of strength training for CV system
Increased venous return
49
Isometric parameters
1. Contractions every 15-20* 2. Rule of 10 (10 reps of 10 sec hold and 10 sec rest)
50
Shortening mm contraction. Uses the most ATP
Concentric
51
Lengthening mm contraction. Uses least ATP.
Eccentric
52
Later strength gains are due to...
Hypertrophy
53
Ability to respond to a stimulus
Irritability
54
Ability to produce tension
Contractility
55
Ability to stretch/lengthen
Extensibility
56
Ability to return to normal resting length
Elasticity
57
Dark portion of mm that is the length of myosin and remains a constant length
A band
58
Light portion of mm that contains actin only and gets smaller with contraction. Outer part
I band
59
The rate at which work of a muscle is performed
Mm power
59
Initial strength gains are due to...
Neural changes
59
What is the goal of Plyometrics?
Increase power and speed
61
Myosin only. Gets smaller with contraction. Middle part
H zone
62
Training that increases mm fiber size and force of production
resistance training

Ther Ex II (9 decks)

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