Body Comp

Question 1

Current recommendations of calories from carbs, fats, and protein

Answer 1

carbs: 45-65%
fat: 20-35%
protein: 10-35%

Question 2

quantity of each nutrient to meet the needs of most healthy people

Answer 2

RDA recommended daily allowance

Question 3

average dietary energy intake predicted to maintain energy balance considering age, gender, weight, height and level of physical activity

Answer 3

EER estimated energy requirement

Question 4

percentage of recommended intake in each serving

Answer 4

DV daily value

Question 5

classes of nutrients (6)

Answer 5

1. water
2. vitamin
3. mineral
4. carb
5. fats
6. protein

Question 6

the body normally loses _____ ml of water per day

Answer 6

2500

Question 7

organic catalysts for metabolic reactions

Answer 7

vitamins

Question 8

fat soluble vitamins (4) can be stored in the body

Answer 8

1. A
2. D
3. E
4. K

Question 9

water soluble vitamins (4) are more easily excreted

Answer 9

1. C
2. B-6
3. B-12
4. the ones with names

Question 10

vitamin that maintains bone, cartilage and connective tissue

Answer 10

C

Question 11

elements associated with body structure and function

Answer 11

minerals

Question 12

mineral associated with tooth and bone structure, osteoporosis, and mm contractions

Answer 12

calcium

Question 13

mineral associated with HTN, and resting membrane potential

Answer 13

sodium

Question 14

mineral that is a component of hemoglobin and associated with anemia

Answer 14

iron

Question 15

Consists of sugars, starches and dietary fiber. Major energy source (most ATP)

Answer 15

carbs

Question 16

at least ____ of your diet should consist of whole grains

Answer 16

half

Question 17

bad cholesterol that is related to increased risk of heart disease

Answer 17

LDL low density lipoproteins

Question 18

good cholesterol that protects from heart disease

Answer 18

HDL high density lipoproteins

Question 19

3 types of dietary fats

Answer 19

1. triglycerides
2. phospholipids
3. cholesterol

Question 20

Contains the 9 essential amino acids and is not a major source of energy. Cannot by made by the body

Answer 20

proteins

Question 21

best sources for protein (3)

Answer 21

1. eggs
2. milk
3. fish

Question 22

limit saturated fats, added sugars and sodium to _____ per day

Answer 22

fats: <10%
sugar: <10%
sodium: 2300mg

Question 23

characteristic of foods that provide vitamins, minerals, to contribute to adequate nutrient intakes with little or no solid fats, added sugars, or sodium

Answer 23

nutrient dense

Question 24

measure of amount of fat vs lean mass. percentage of water/fat based tissue. elements composing the body

Answer 24

body composition

Question 25

weight (kg) / height (m2) =

Answer 25

body mass index BMI

Question 26

recommended body fat for males/females

Answer 26

males: 10-20% females: 15-25%

Question 27

Calories stored =

Answer 27

calories in - calories out

Question 28

Calorie surplus =

Answer 28

weight gain

Question 29

calorie deficit =

Answer 29

weight loss

Question 30

static energy balance does not account for effect that weight gain will have on energy expenditure

Answer 30

Static Energy Balance Model

Question 31

Increase in energy intake results in increased body weight. Energy expenditure for daily activity also increases

Answer 31

Dynamic Energy Balance Model

Question 32

rate of energy expenditure under standardized conditions. Calories needed to exist. 60-75% total energy expenditure

Answer 32

BMR basal metabolic rate

Question 33

accounts for 5-40% total energy expenditure. physical activity

Answer 33

calories out

Question 34

fats make up a large fraction of energy expended with ______ exercise

Answer 34

light to moderate

Question 35

expends large amount of fat and calories

Answer 35

moderate exercise

Question 36

effective in expending calories and achieving fitness and fat loss goals. Increase VO2 max

Answer 36

vigorous exercise

Question 37

BMI of >30

Answer 37

obesity

Question 38

obesity in men vs women waist measurement

Answer 38

men: >40" women: > 35"

Question 39

obesity due to increase in fat cell size (hypertrophy)

Answer 39

Less severe

Question 40

obesity due to increase in fat cell number (hyperplasia)

Answer 40

severe

Question 41

health risks associated with obesity (4)

Answer 41

1. hypertension 2. CHF 3. sleep apnea 4. diabetes type II

Question 42

risk for type II diabetes increases by 25% for each BMI over...

Answer 42

22

Question 43

what is the most important part in the tx of obesity

Answer 43

prevention

Question 44

tx of obesity exercise

Answer 44

moderate aerobic 30-45 min, 3-5x per week

Question 45

PT involvement with obesity (3)

Answer 45

1. prevention 2. instruction for activity 3. surgical post-op

Question 46

transports glucose and amino acids into cells

Answer 46

insulin

Question 47

three poly's of diabetes

Answer 47

1. polyuria (urination) 2. polydipsia (thirst) 3. polyphagia (hunger

Question 48

deficit in insulin secretion by beta cells. Too little insulin.

Answer 48

Type I diabetes "juvenile"

Question 49

lack of response by cells to insulin. Insulin resistance. Too much insulin

Answer 49

Type II diabetes "adult onset"

Question 50

Type I diabetes characteristics

Answer 50

1. rapid development 2. requires insulin 3. normal body weight

Question 51

Type II diabetes characteristics

Answer 51

1. slow development 2. doesn't always require insulin 3. generally obese

Question 52

Excess insulin in the blood leads to low blood glucose Weakness, confusion, tremors. NEEDS TO BE ADDRESSED (candy)

Answer 52

hypoglycemic shock

Question 53

Insufficient insulin leads to high blood glucose. Leads to diabetic ketoacidosis

Answer 53

hyperglycemia

Question 54

increase break down of fat and protein

Answer 54

diabetic ketoacidosis

Question 55

tx of diabetes (3)

Answer 55

1. diet 2. medication 3. insulin

Question 56

Primary recommendation for type II diabetes

Answer 56

exercise