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PHRM 845 Exam 5 > Barker lecture 4 > Flashcards

Barker lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Schedule 1

A

No medical use, high abuse potential

Heroin, marijuana, THC, LSD

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2
Q

Schedule 2

A

Medical use, HIGH ABUSE, large risk for dependence

Morphine, fentanyl, cocaine, PCP

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3
Q

Schedule 3

A

Medical use, moderate abuse

Ketamine, buprenorphine, Marinol (THC in oil capsule)

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4
Q

Schedule 4

A

Medical use, low abuse

Benzodiazepine

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5
Q

Schedule 5

A

lower risk relative to IV

cough suppressants with small amount of codeine

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6
Q

Opioids

A

GPCR

heroin, prescription meds

mu

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7
Q

LSD, mushrooms

A

psilocybin, psilocin

5-HT2A/C

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8
Q

Marijuana, K2, spice

A

Cannabinoid receptors CB1

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9
Q

Gamma hydroxy butyric acid

A

GABAb

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10
Q

Caffeine

A

adenosine receptors

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11
Q

Cocaine, amphetamine

A

DAT

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12
Q

MDMA/ecstacy

A

monoamine transporters

dopamine, serotonin

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13
Q

Alcohol

A

GABA channels, 5HT3, NMDAR, nAchR, KiR3

causes release of endogenous opioids

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14
Q

Nicotine

A

act on ion channels

ionotropic acetylcholine receptors

agonist

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15
Q

PCP, Ketamine

A

ion channels

Ionotropic NMDA receptor

Antagonist

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16
Q

Benzodiazepines, barbiturates

A

ion channels

Ionotropic GABAa receptors (Cl-)
Positive allosteric modulators

17
Q

Role of dopamine in pathway of addiction

A

Decision making impulsivity: frontal cortex

Pleasure valuation: nucleus accumbens

Source of dopamine: VTA

Reward/value: striatum/SN

Memory learning: hippocampus

18
Q

STIMULANTS, DEPRESSANT AND PSYCHEDELICS ALL ACT ON THE MESOLIMBIC SYSTEM

A

STIMULANTS, DEPRESSANT AND PSYCHEDELICS ALL ACT ON THE MESOLIMBIC SYSTEM

19
Q

The dopamine hypothesis of addiction

A

“Pleasurable events” release dopamine

Parkinson patients only develop addiction during treatment

Dopamine important for assigning value to reward prediction error

Value provides the drug with an incentive salience

Salience= state or quality of an item that stands out to relative to neighboring items

20
Q

Limits of the dopamine hypothesis

A

Dopamine does not encode liking, but involved in making reward predictions and learning from the outcome/error

21
Q

The glutamate hypothesis of addiction

A

Glutamate can increase dopamine activity in NAcc

Glutamate projection to VTA

Destruction of this pathway reduces cocaine/morphine reward

NMDA antagonist blocks acquisition of reinforcement learning

Intra NAcc AMPA injection causes relapse

Dopamine controls glutamate activity in amygdala

22
Q

Drug use induces long term changes in neuronal plasticity

A

LTP=long term potentiation
“persistent increase in synaptic strength following intense stimulation”

Rewarding substances cause relative increase in glutamatergic AMPA receptors

23
Q

DSM-5 SUD criteria

A

Mild (2-3)

Moderate (4-5)

Severe (>6)

24
Q

Physical dependence

A

Body needs more drug–>tolerance

Body withdraws without drug

25
Q

Emotional withdrawal symptoms

A

Anxiety, depression
Restlessness, insomnia
Irritability
Headaches
Poor concentration

26
Q

Physical withdrawal symptoms

A

Sweating
Racing heart
Goosebumps=cold turkey
Muscle spasms=kicking the habit
Tremors
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

27
Q

Dangerous withdrawal symptoms

A

Alcohol and tranquilizers

Grand mal seizures (also tramadol)

Heart attacks, stokes

Hallucination, delirium tremens (DT)

28
Q

Physiological dependence

A

addiction

mental urge to take drug to function

compulsive need/craving

even in absence of withdrawal

29
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

Drug is “rewarding” or produces positive reinforcement when the user feels pleasure/satisfaction

Of value, strengthen behavior to repeat

Just liking isn’t enough

30
Q

Negative reinforcement

A

reward by escaping negative/painful stimulus or event (NOT same as punishment)

31
Q

Stimulants

A

cocaine
amphetamine
meth
bath salts
ecstasy
nicotine

32
Q

Depressents

A

opioids
alcohol
cannabis
GHB
inhalants

33
Q

Psychedelics

A

LSD
Psilocybin
PCP
Mescaline
Ketamine

PHRM 845 Exam 5 (13 decks)

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