Barley 2 Flashcards
(13 cards)
What are the two main types of barley based on planting times?
Winter barley and Spring barley
Winter barley is sown in autumn and harvested the following summer, while spring barley is sown in spring and harvested the same summer.
What is a facultative variety of barley?
A type of barley that can be sown at any time and withstands cold temperatures
Facultative barley does not require low temperatures (vernalisation) for good flowering.
What is the planting time for winter barley in the northern hemisphere?
September
Winter barley requires low temperatures for flowering and is typically sown in September.
How long does it take for spring barley to be ready for harvest after planting?
60-70 days
Spring barley does not survive cold if planted in autumn.
Why is the timing of barley planting important?
Quality and yield of barley can vary with planting and harvesting times
Farmers benefit from spreading the harvesting workload by growing both winter and spring barley.
What is the yield of a barley crop measured in?
Tonnes per hectare (t/ha)
Yield is affected by water, nutrients, sunlight, and temperature availability.
What part of the barley plant holds the grains?
Ear, head, or spike
The grains are attached to the rachis, which is the central stalk of the spike.
In two-row barley, which spikelet is fertile?
The central spikelet
Only the central spikelet can develop into a grain in two-row barley.
How do the grains in six-row barley differ from those in two-row barley?
Grains from lateral spikelets are shorter, thinner, and slightly more twisted
In six-row barley, both central and lateral spikelets can form grains.
Why do most brewers prefer two-row barley?
It has a higher extract and uniform grain size
Two-row barley is favored for its brewing properties.
What is a notable characteristic of six-row barley?
Higher protein content and enzyme potential
These characteristics are beneficial for converting starch from adjuncts.
What happens to the different sizes of grains when malting six-row barley?
They take up water differently and malt at different rates
Plump grains are malted for brewing, while smaller grains may be used for distilling or animal feed.
What advancements have barley breeding programs achieved in six-row barley?
Higher extract potential with similar enzyme levels
This allows for better brewing capabilities while maintaining enzyme efficiency.
