basal ganglia Flashcards
What is the role of the basal ganglia?
- initiate
- control
- stop movement
Dyskinesia
abnormal, involuntary movement
What is the anatomy of the basal ganglia?
Caudate nucleus + putamen + globus pallidus and amydgala
What makes up the lentiform nucleus?
putamen and globus pallidus
Which part of the substantia nigra contains melanin?
Pars compacta
Which part of the substantia nigra formsa function unit with the globus pallidus interna?
Pars reticulata
What is the output of the Direct Basal ganglia pathway?
Excitation of the cortex
What is the output of the indirect basal pathway?
Inhibition of the cortex
What is the effect of dopaminergic impulses from the sub nigra on the direct pathway?
Dopamine boosts the excitatory effect of the direct pathway on the cortex, it activates the cortex further to initiate movement.
What is the effect of dopaminergic stimulation from the Sub Nigra on the indirect pathway?
Dopamine inhibits the indirect pathway.
So there is no inhibition of the thalamus. So the cortex recieves excitatory impulses and gets activated.
What is the role of the substantia nigra on movement?
INITIATES movement
What happens of the basal ganglia is damaged?
- Slow movement (hypokinesia)
- poor initiation
- rigidity
- tremor
What happens if the striatum degenerates?
leads to hyperkinetic disorders such as Huntington’s disease
