Basic Concepts and Great Vessels Flashcards
(173 cards)
1
Q
Anatomy and physiology has an emphasis on what?
A
Studying body systems
2
Q
Anatomy looks at what three things of anatomical structures
A
Shape
Location
Function
3
Q
Sectional anatomy does what five things
A
study regions in body
Focus on anatomical relationships of structures in a given region
Views anatomy in sections (slices)
To visual an entire organ it takes multiple (slices)
Structural relationships depend on plane of view
4
Q
2D imaging incorporates which two dimensions
A
Height
Width
5
Q
3D imagining includes what three dimensions
A
Height
Width
Length
6
Q
Height can also be referred to as
A
Depth
7
Q
Accurate structural relationships between structures can only be accomplished by incorporating which dimension
A
Incorporate the 3rd dimension
8
Q
Why is the anatomical position commonly used
A
It is the standard method to describe patient position
Used to describe location of structured in/on body
Limits confusion by ensuring consistency
9
Q
What is the criteria for a true anatomical position
A
Patient erect, facing observer
Feet flat, facing forwards
Arms at sides
Palms facing forewords, thumbs point away from body
10
Q
What are the three major planes that pass through the body
A
Sagittal
Coronal
Transverse
11
Q
The three major planes that pass through the body are orthogonal to each other meaning what
A
Form 90 degrees to each other
12
Q
Vertical plane that divides the body into right and left sections
A
Sagittal
Long axis
13
Q
Vertical plane that divides the body into equal right and left sections (through midline)
A
Midsagittal
14
Q
Vertical plane dividing the body into unequal right and left sections
A
Parasagittal
15
Q
Plane that divides the body into unequal superior and inferior sections
A
Axial
Transverse
Short axis
16
Q
Vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior sections
A
Coronal
Frontal
17
Q
Vertical plane that divides the body into equal anterior and posterior sections
A
Midaxillary plane
18
Q
Plane that is parallel to the long axis of a structure but not always sagittal on the body
A
Longitudinal
19
Q
Plane that is at an angle between sagittal/transverse/coronal
A
Oblique
20
Q
A transducer marker should always be pointing to which two directions
A
Patients head
Patients right side
21
Q
These two directions always refer to the patients sides NOT the observer
A
Right
Left
22
Q
Towards the head or above another part
A
Superior
Cranial
Cephalic
23
Q
Towards the feet or below another structure
A
Inferior
Caudal
24
Q
Towards the front of a structure or surface
A
Anterior
Ventral
25
Towards the back of a structure or surface
Posterior
| Dorsal
26
At or towards the midline of the body or structure
Medial
27
At or towards the side of the body or structure
Lateral
28
Toward, near, or at the body surface
Superficial
| External
29
Away from the body surface
Deep
| Internal
30
Part is closer to the trunk of the body or point of attachment or closer to heart
Proximal
31
Part is farther from the trunk of the body or the point of attachment or the heart
Distal
32
Structures on the same side
Ipsilateral
33
Structures on opposite sides
Contralateral
34
Related to membrane covering internal organs
Visceral
35
Related to membrane covering body walls
Parietal
36
Patient lying face down
Prone
37
Patient lying face up
Supine
38
Patient lying directly on right or left side (90 degrees)
Left lateral
| right lateral
39
Patient lying on right or left side
Lateral decubitus
40
Laying on right or left side less then 90 degrees
Lateral oblique
41
Laying on left side and stomach closer to table is what position
Left anterior oblique
42
Laying on right side with back closer to the table is called what position
Right posterior oblique
43
Standing sitting upright
Erect
44
Partiality upright (sitting with back between supine and erect position)
Semi-erect
45
Lying with feet higher then head
Trendelenburg
46
Lying with feet lower then head
Reverse trendelenburg
47
What four things do cavities allow/do
Natural spaces that contain internal organs within the body
Large cavities subdivided into smaller compartments
Separate, protect, support organs
Allow movement/expansion of organs
48
The dorsal cavity is located where in relation to the trunk of the body
Posterior and superior to trunk of body
49
Dorsal cavity is associated with what nervous system
Central nervous system
50
What kind of fluid circulates in the dorsal cavity
Cerebrospinal fluid
51
The dorsal cavity is subdivided into what two cavities
Cranial
| Spinal (vertebral)
52
What cavity contains the brain and is surrounded by the skull and bones
Cranial
53
What cavity contains the the spinal cord/nerves and is protected by the spinal vertebrae
Spinal
| Vertebral
54
The ventral cavity is located in what aspect of the body
Anterior
55
Is the dorsal or ventral cavity larger
Ventral
56
The organs contained within the ventral cavity are known as
Viscera
57
The ventral cavity is divided into what two cavities
Thoracic
| Abdominopelvic
58
The thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities are separated by what structure
Diaphragm
59
Which cavity is the superior portion of the ventral cavity
Thoracic
60
Which cavity contains the lungs and heart
Thoracic
61
What two cavities is the thoracic cavity divided into
Pleura cavities
| Mediastinum
62
Which specific cavity contains the lungs
Pleura
63
Which specific cavity is lined with a serous membrane called pleural
Pleura
64
What does the serous membrane pleural do
Reduce friction
65
What cavity is midline in the chest between pleura spaces
Mediastinum
66
The mediastinum contains which cavity that surrounds the heart
Pericardial cavity
67
The anterior compartment that surrounds the heart
Pericardial cavity
68
The large cavity that extends from the diaphragm to the pelvis is the
Abdominopelvic cavity
69
This cavity is lined with a serous membrane and divided into two sections with NO muscular separation
Abdominopelvic cavity
70
What two cavities is the abdominopelvic cavity divided into
Abdominal cavity
| Pelvic cavity
71
This cavity is the upper portion of the abdominopelvic cavity
Abdominal cavity
72
This cavity extends from inferior surface of diaphragm to the superior bony pelvis
Abdominal cavity
73
The lower portion of the abdominopelvic cavity that lies within the bony structures of pelvis
Pelvic cavity
74
This cavity extends from the iliac crests to the pelvic floor
Pelvic cavity
75
The pelvic cavity is divided into what
True pelvis
| False pelvis
76
What cavity is associated with respiratory, cardiovascular, lymphatic system, esophagus, thymus
Thoracic
77
What cavity contains liver, part of pancreas, stomach, spleen, gallbladder, small and part of large intestine
Abdominal
78
Which cavity contains bladder, distal ureters, reproductive organs, distal small bowl, sigmoid, rectum, vessels,lymph nodes
Pelvic
79
Oblique plane from sacral promontory to superior surface of symphysis pubis divides what
The true and false pelvis
80
The pelvic inlet or birth canal is what pelvis
True pelvis
81
The area below the pelvic brim is what pelvis
True pelvis
82
The bladder, reproductive organs, rectum, are located in which pelvis
True pelvis
83
The area superior to the pelvic rim but below crest of hip bone is what
False pelvis
84
Which part of pelvis contains different sections of small intestine and colon
False pelvis
85
Which body division creates four sections
Quadrant method
86
What are the four quadrants in the quadrant method
RUQ
LUQ
RLQ
LLQ
87
Where do the two lines intersect to form the quadrant method
Umbilicus (L3 / L4)
88
How many sections are created in the regional method
Nine
89
Where are the vertical and horizontal lines located to create the regional method
Vertical - right and left midclavicular
| Horizontal - subcostal and transtubercular (hips)
90
What are the three top sections of the region method right to left
Right hypochondriac region
Epigastric region
Left hypochondriac region
91
What are the three middle regions of the region method right to left
Right lumbar region
Umbilical region
Left lumbar region
92
What are the three lower regions of the region method right to left
Right iliac region
Hypogastric region
Left iliac region
93
Draw the region method and quadrant method
Do it
94
Arteries carry blood away or towards the heart
Away
95
Arteries carry deoxygenated or oxygenated blood and what is the exception
Oxygenated
| The exception is the pulmonary arteries (right heart to lungs)
96
Arteries are designed to maintain what
Blood flow and blood pressure
97
An artery is composed of how many layers what are the layers from the inside to outside
3 layers (very inside is lumen)
- tunica intima
- tunica media
- tunica adventitia
98
What is the biggest artery
Abdominal aorta
99
At what level does the aorta go through the diaphragm
T12
100
The proximal and distal portions of the aorta sit more what
Proximal posterior
| Distal anterior
101
The aorta is located slightly to which side of midline
Left
102
The aorta bifurcates at which level
L4
103
Is the aorta retroperitoneal or peritoneal
Retroperitoneal (behind peritoneal sac)
104
List the branches of the aorta from proximal to distal
```
Celiac axis (celiac trunk)
Right/left adrenal arteries (right/left suprarenal arteries)
Superior mesenteric artery
Right/left renal arteries
Right/left gonadal arteries
Inferior mesenteric artery
Median sacral artery
Right/left common iliac arteries
```
105
The first major branch of aorta below diaphragm
Celiac axis (celiac trunk)
106
The celiac axis comes out of the aorta which way
Anterior
107
The celiac axis divides into what three branches from right to left
Common hepatic artery
Left gastric artery
Splenic artery
108
The common hepatic artery divides into what two arteries
Hepatic artery proper
| Gastroduodenal artery
109
The splenic artery travels along what aspect of the pancreas
Superior
110
The splenic artery supplies blood to what two structures
Spleen
| Pancreatic tail
111
The left gastric artery travels along which curvature of the stomach
Lesser curvature
112
The adrenal (suprarenal) arteries arise from which aspect of the aorta
Lateral
113
The adrenal (suprarenal) arteries originate in between which other two arteries on the aorta
Below celiac axis
| Above SMA
114
The adrenal (suprarenal) arteries move which direction in the body to the adrenal glands
Obliquely
115
The second anterior branch off the aorta is the
SMA
116
The SMA courses which direction and has a district appearance like what
Looks like a hook
| Courses anterior then inferior
117
What artery supplies the small intestine, ascending colon, right colon, mid transverse colon
SMA
118
The renal arteries branch off which aspect of the aorta
Lateral
119
The renal arteries branch off just inferior to which artery
SMA
120
Is the left or right adrenal artery longer
The right adrenal artery
121
Which adrenal artery passes posterior to the IVC
The right renal artery
122
The renal arteries run posterior or anterior to the renal veins
The renal arteries run posterior to the renal veins
123
Do the renal arteries sit level with each other
No. Right renal artery sits more inferior because the liver pushes it down
124
The gonadal arteries branch off of what aspect of the aorta
Anterior
125
The gonadal arteries branch off of the aorta inferior to which arteries
Renal arteries
126
The gonadal arteries travel which direction
Inferiorly and obliquely
127
The gonadal arteries in females and males are known as what respectively
Ovarian
| Testicular
128
The IMA branches off at what level
L3
129
What direction does the IMA travel
Inferior leftward path
130
Which artery supplies the left transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum
IMA
131
About how many pairs of lumbar arteries are there
4-5
132
The lumbar arteries branch off the aorta in what aspect
Lateral and posterior
133
Which arteries supply the lumbar region
Lumbar arteries
134
The most inferior branch of the aorta is which artery
Median sacral artery
135
Which arteries supply the sacrum
Median sacral arteries
136
The aorta bifurcates at which level and forms what
Bifurcates at L4 and forms right and left common iliac arteries
137
The iliac arteries travel in which direction
Downward and lateral
138
The common iliac arteries branch into what
Internal iliac arteries
| External iliac arteries
139
The common iliac arteries sit posterior or anterior to the common iliac veins
The common iliac arteries sit anterior to the common iliac veins
140
Veins carry blood away or to the heart
Carry blood back to the heart
141
Do veins carry deoxygenated blood or oxygenated blood and what is the exception
Veins carry deoxygenated blood except pulmonary veins
142
Are vein vessel walls collapsible
Yes
143
Do veins have higher or lower pressure blood flow
Lower
144
Veins are formed from what
Formed by the union of smaller veins
145
Largest vein in the body is
The inferior vena cava
146
The union of the common iliac veins happen at what level
About L5
147
The IVC pierces the diaphragm at what level
T8
148
Superiorly and inferiorly the IVC sits where
Superior - anterior
| Inferior - posterior
149
Is the IVC retroperitoneal or peritoneal
Retroperitoneal (behind peritoneal sac)
150
What are the six tributaries to the IVC
```
Common iliac veins
Lumbar veins
Right gonadal vein
Right/left renal veins
Right suprarenal (adrenal) vein
Hepatic veins
```
151
The iliac veins are formed by what and at what level
Formed by union of external and internal iliac veins at S1
152
Common iliac veins travel in what direction
Lateral to medial
153
Do the common iliac veins sit anterior or posterior to common iliac arteries
the common iliac veins sit posterior to common iliac arteries
154
Do the common iliac veins sit anterior or posterior to ureters
Posterior
155
About how many pairs of lumbar veins are there
4-5
156
The lumbar veins enter the IVC in which aspect
Lateral walls
157
The lumbar veins drain into what
IVC (also know as azygos system)
158
The gonadal veins can also be referred to as what in females and males respectively
Ovarian and testicular
159
The gonadal veins ascend along the path of what muscle
Psoas muscle
| Upwards and towards middle
160
Are the gonadal veins posterior or anterior to ureters
Anterior
161
The right gonadal vein empties into what
Anterior IVC below renal vein
162
The left gonadal vein empties into what
The left renal vein
163
The renal veins come from where and drain into what
Exit the renal hilum and drains into the lateral IVC
164
Do the renal veins sit anterior or posterior to the renal arteries
the renal veins sit anterior to the renal arteries
165
Is the right or left renal vein shorter
The right is shorter
166
Which renal vein sits slightly inferior to the other
The right sits slights inferior due to the liver pushing it down
167
The left renal vein runs posterior to what structure and anterior to what structure
Posterior to SMA
| Anterior to aorta
168
Which two veins empty into the left renal vein
```
Left gonadal vein
Left suprarenal (adrenal) vein
```
169
The right adrenal vein drains into what
IVC
170
The left adrenal vein drains into what
The left renal vein
171
What are the three hepatic veins
Right
Middle
Left
172
The hepatic veins travel in what directions
Anterior inferior to posterior superior
173
The hepatic veins empty into what where
IVC just below diaphragm
