The Pelvis Flashcards
(296 cards)
1
Q
The area of the body that extends from iliac crests of pelvic bones to pelvic diaphragm inferiorly, and the front from symphysis pubis to lumbar spine/sacrum/coccyx
A
Pelvic region
2
Q
What cavity has a basin shaped space bound by skeletal framework
A
Pelvic cavity
3
Q
What cavity is the inferior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity
A
Pelvic cavity
4
Q
What cavity is partially lined by peritoneum of abdominal cavity that drapes over pelvic viscera
A
Pelvic cavity
5
Q
Which cavity primarily contains reproductive organs, urinary bladder, and rectum
A
Pelvic cavity
6
Q
The pelvic cavity is divided into two compartments. What are they
A
True pelvis
False pelvis
7
Q
The true and false pelvis are divided by an imaginary line drawn from where to where
A
Symphysis pubis to sacrum
8
Q
Which part of pelvic bones helps define boundary between false and true pelvis and also marks pelvic inlet
A
Pelvic brim
9
Q
The true pelvis is also known as
A
Lesser pelvis (birth canal-women)
10
Q
Which area is inferior to pelvic brim
A
True pelvis
11
Q
Which part of pelvis is between pelvic inlet and pelvic outlet
A
True pelvis
12
Q
The space enclosed by sacrum, ischium, pubis and pelvic portion of ilium
A
True pelvis
13
Q
Part of pelvis that contains urinary bladder, rectum, internal reproductive organs,
A
True pelvis
14
Q
Which part of pelvis has the pelvic outlet as an inferior opening (exit)
A
True pelvis
15
Q
The false pelvis is also known as
A
Greater pelvis
16
Q
Which part of pelvis is superior to pelvic brim
A
False pelvis
17
Q
Which part of pelvis is between iliac fossae and pelvic brim
A
False pelvis
18
Q
Which part of pelvis is generally considered part of abdominal cavity
A
False pelvis
19
Q
Which part of pelvis contains abdominal viscera (part of small intestine and sigmoid colon)
A
False pelvis
20
Q
The bladder when full and in pregnancies (2-3 trimester) extend into what part of pelvis
A
False pelvis
21
Q
The pelvic can be divided into how many regions
A
Three
22
Q
What are the three regions the pelvis occupies in the regional method
A
Right iliac region
Hypogastrium
Left iliac regions
23
Q
Which part of the regional method contains caecum, appendix, distal end of right ureter, and right ovary
A
Right iliac region
24
Q
Which region contains distal end of ileum, urinary bladder, uterus
A
Hypogastrium
25
Which region contains the sigmoid colon, left ovary, and distal end of ureter
Left iliac region
26
The bony framework for the pelvis is formed by what three bones
Sacrum
Coccyx
Paired hip bones
27
What are the five purposes of the bony structure in the pelvis
```
Support/transmit weight of body
Protect pelvis viscera
Birth canal (female)
Muscle attachment
Attach legs to torso
```
28
Which bone is the posterior midline portion of the bony pelvis
Sacrum
29
Which bone is triangular shaped that is composed of five fused vertebral segments
Sacrum
30
Lateral masses of sacrum articulate with — —— at the sacroiliac joints laterally
Os coxae
31
Which bone has
S1 articulating with L5 superiorly
S5 articulating with coccyx
Sacrum
32
The sacral promontory is
S1
33
Which bone is the inferior portion of the vertebral column
Coccyx
34
The coccyx is commonly called the
Tailbone
35
Which bone contains 3-5 rudimentary vertebrae
Coccyx
36
Which bone is a site of muscle attachment
Coccyx
37
The hip bones can also be be called what two things
Os coxae
| Innominate bones
38
Each hip bone is formed by how many bones
Three
39
What three bones make the hip bone
Ilium
Pubis
Ischium
40
The three bones form during which point to form one unit
Puberty
41
Out of the hip bones which is the largest and most superior
Ilium
42
Which part of ilium is superior part presenting a large, flaring, surface
Ala
43
the inner aspect of ala, upper basin of pelvic girdle and covered with iliacus muscle is
Iliac fossa
44
The most superior portion of hip bone, palpable upper surface of pelvis
Iliac crest
45
Articulation between ilium and and sacrum posteriorly
SI joint
46
Which bone in hip bone consists of body and two rami (superior and inferior)
Pubis
47
The superior —— extends laterally from body to connect with the ilium
Pubic ramus
48
The inferior —— extends inferiorly to meet ischium
Pubic ramus
49
In the pubis the bodies meet in anterior midline to form the
Symphysis pubis
50
In the pubis the large opening formed by junction of pubic rami anf ischium is the
Obturator formania
51
What bone out of the pelvic bones is inferior and posterior location extending from ilium
Ischium
52
Which bone connects with pubic rami anteriorly
Ischium
53
The bone that supports body in a seated position that is bulky in an interior posterior area is the
Ischial tuberosity
54
The ilium, pubis, ischium meet in the
Acetabulum
55
What is a deep socket on the lateral aspect of the hip bone that fits the head of the femur
Acetabulum
56
Long muscle located lateral to vertebral bodies extending from upper abdomen to pelvis
Psoas muscle
57
Two Triangular shaped muscle
Iliacus
| Piriformis
58
Muscle that extends from iliac crest of ilium and sacrum to lines each iliac fossa
Iliacus
59
Psoas muscle joins iliacus muscle in pelvis to become
iliopsoas muscle
60
Which muscle travels anteriorly over pelvic brim
Iliopsoas muscle
61
Which muscle inserts into lesser trochanter of femur
Iliopsoas muscle
62
Which muscle is a powerful flexor muscle of the thigh
Ileopsoas
63
What are five pelvic wall muscles
```
Psoas muscle
Iliacus
Iliopsoas muscle
Obturator
Piriformis
```
64
Which muscle is internal and external parts
Obturator
65
Which muscle aids in lateral thigh rotation
Obturator
66
Which muscle originates from obturator foramen and attatches into greater trochanter of femur
Obturator
67
Which muscle is the side walls of the pelvis
Obturator
68
Which muscle is a large part of the posterolateral wall of the pelvic cavity
Piriformis
69
Which muscle originates on anterior surface of sacrum and inserts into the greater trochanter of femur
Piriformis
70
Which muscle is responsible for lateral rotation and abduction of flexed hip
Piriformis
71
Which is the principal structure supporting the pelvic content
Pelvic diaphragm
72
Which structure is a hammock like muscular structure that forms the pelvic floor
Pelvic diaphragm
73
The main muscles of the pelvic diaphragm are
Levator ani
| Coccygeus
74
What are three pelvic floor muscles
Pelvic diaphragm
Levator ani
Coccygeus
75
Out of the pelvic diaphragm muscles which is the largest and most important
Levator ani
76
How many levator muscles originate from pelvic wall of the pubis and fibres converge to insert into the coccyx and muscles of the opposite side converge to insert into the coccyx and muscles of the opposite side
Two
77
Which two levator ani muscles are there
Pubococcygeus
| Ileococcygeus
78
The integrity of the pelvic floor depends on what two muscles to properly function
Pubococcygeus
| Ileococcygeus
79
Which muscle is the smaller of the two diaphragm muscles in the pelvis
Coccygeus
80
How many coccygeus muscles form the posterior aspect of the pelvic floor
Two
81
Which pelvic diaphragm muscle originates on the spine of the ischium
Coccygeus
82
Which pelvic diaphragm muscle is a triangular sheet that fans out to insert on the sacrum and coccyx
Coccygeus
83
What are formed by reflections of the peritoneal lining of the abdominopelvic cavity over the cavity structures
Potential spaces
84
What are the three potential spaces of the female pelvis
Anterior cul de sac
Posterior cul de sac
Space of retzius
85
The anterior cul de sac is also known as the
Vesicouterine pouch
86
Which space in the female pelvis has peritoneum draping over posterior bladder wall and anterior surface of uterus
Anterior cul de sac
87
What space in female pelvis is usually empty but may contain loops of bowel
Anterior cul de sac
88
The posterior cul de sac is also known as what two things
Rectouterine pouch
| Pouch of douglas
89
Which space in the female pelvis has peritoneum covering the anterior surface of rectum and posterior surface of uterus
Posterior cul de sac
90
Which space in the female pelvis is “most dependent” or inferior portion of pelvis
Posterior cul de sac
91
Which space in the female pelvis is most likely to accumulate first in this are due to gravity
Posterior cul de sac
92
Which space in the female pelvis is the small space between symphysis pubis and anterior bladder
Space of retzius
93
Which space in female pelvis is filled with extraperitoneal fat
Space of retzius
94
What female reproductive organ is a hollow muscular pear shaped organ
Uterus
95
What reproductive organ has a primary function of menstruation, pregnancy and labor
Uterus
96
What two things is the female reproductive organs responsible for
Producing sex hormones and ova
| Protecting/supporting a developing embryo
97
The uterus is divided into how many anatomical regions
Five
98
The uterine wall is composed of how many layers
Three
99
The normal size of a uterus in an adult is
7-8 cm
100
The uterus can vary in shape and size due to which reasons
```
Prepubertal
Reproductive age
Gravida/parity
Post-menopausal
Disease
```
101
The five regions of the uterus from inferior to superior
```
Cervix
Isthmus
Body
Cornua
Fundus
```
102
Which part of uterus is in lowest inferior portion
Cervix
103
Which part of uterus is cylindrical shaped and stays in one place
Cervix
104
Which part of uterus extends from isthmus and projects into upper vagina
Cervix
105
The endocervical canal is a part of what and should be about how big
Cervix
| 2-3 cm
106
The endocervical canal is made up of which two parts
Internal os - superior opening of canal
| External os - inferior opening of canal
107
The narrowest section of the uterine body directly superior to the cervix is
Isthmus
108
The body of the uterus is also known as
Corpus
109
The largest part of the uterus is
Body
110
Part of uterus located between cervix and fundus is the
Body
111
The part of uterus that is somewhat mobile is the
Body
112
The lateral extensions of the uterus continuous with the fallopian tubes is the
Cornua
113
The widest, rounded, superior portion of the uterus is the
Fundus
114
What part of uterus is superior to the insertion of the fallopian tubes/cornua
Fundus
115
What are the three layers of the uterus from inner to outer
Endometrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium
116
The inner layer of the uterus
Endometrium
117
The highly vascular layer in the uterus
Endometrium
118
The functional layer of the uterus
Endometrium
119
The layer of uterus composed of epithelial and glandular cells
Endometrium
120
The middle layer of the uterus
Myometrium
121
Thickest layer that is composed of muscle in the uterus
Myometrium
122
What allows the dramatic enlargement of uterus during pregancy
Distinct muscle fibers
123
Perimetrium is also known as
Serosa
124
Outer layer of uterus composed of thin layer of serous peritoneum
Perimetrium
125
Which layer of uterus covers outer surface of it and is continuous with the broad ligament
Perimetrium
126
The uterus is located —— to the rectum
Anterior
127
The uterus is located —— to the peritoneum
Inferior
128
The uterus is located —— to the ovaries
Medial
129
The uterus is located —— to a distended (full) bladder
Posterior
130
The uterus is located —— to an empty bladder
Superior
131
What percent of the time is the uterus positioned so that it tilts forward with a bend between cervix and body
90%
132
Name for a uterus that tilts forward and the cervix and vagina form a 90 degree angle to cervix
Anteverted
133
Name for when uterine body is flexed anteriorly on the cervix yet 90 degree angle between cervix maintained (flex of body and fundus)
Anteflexed
134
Name of uterus tilted posterior and the cervix and vagina form a 180 degree angle (linear) (body and fundus tilt posterior)
Retroverted
135
Name for Uterine body flexed at sharp posterior angle with 180 degree angle between cervix and vagina (body and fundus flexed)
Retroflexed
136
Which uterine position is hardest to see and why
Retroflexed because it is deeper
137
Name for right lateral deviation of uterus
Dextroversion
138
Name for left lateral deviation of uterus
Levoversiom
139
What is the muscular tube that extends from cervix to external orfice
Vagina
140
The vagina is located — to bladder and — to rectum
Anterior
| Posterior
141
The spaces in upper vaginal where it encircles cervix is the
Fornices
142
The fallopian tubes are also known as
Uterine tubes
| Oviducts
143
The muscular tube from cornua of uterus to the ovaries within the peritoneum are the
Fallopian tubes
144
What are the normal length and width of fallopian tubes
Length 10-12 cm
| Width 3mm
145
The fallopian tubes travel along what free margin of the broad ligament
Superior
146
What structure conducts ovum from ovary to uterus by peristalsis of muscle wall
Fallopian tube
147
Which structure conducts sperm towards ovum
Fallopian tubes
148
The location of fertilization of ovum and sperm occur here
Fallopian tubes
149
Which tube in female reproductive system open into peritoneal cavity
Fallopian tube
150
What are the four segments of the fallopian tube
Interstitial
Isthmus
Ampulla
Infundibulum
151
Narrowest part of fallopian tube
Interstitial
152
Intramural is part of which part of fallopian tube
Interstitial
153
Which part of fallopian tube is enclosed within the muscular wall of uterus superiorly (cornua)
Interstitial
154
Part of fallopian tube as bridge
Isthmus
155
Part of fallopian tube adjacent to uterine wall laterally
Isthmus
156
A short, straight, narrow part of fallopian tube
Isthmus
157
Most coiled and longest part of fallopian tube
Ampulla
158
Part of fallopian tube that widens laterally
Ampulla
159
Most common site of fertilization in fallopian tubes
Ampulla
160
The funnel shaped lateral portion of fallopian tube
Infundibulum
161
What at the end of Infundibulum assists ovum to be swept towards fallopian tube
Fimbria (finger like extensions)
162
The most lateral part of fallopian tube
Infundibulum
163
What part of fallopian tube is in close proximity to ovary
Infundibulum
164
What part of fallopian tube opens into peritoneal cavity
Infundibulum
165
Structures in female reproductive system that are bilateral and ellipsoid shaped
Ovaries
166
What structure is a storehouse for ova
Ovaries
167
Which part of female reproductive system produce estrogen and progesterone
Ovaries
168
What three things can vary the size of Ovaries
Age
Menstrual phase
Pregnancy
169
What is the normal size for an ovary in an adult (length, width, AP)
Length 3 cm
Width 2 cm
AP 1cm
170
The ovaries are located in which part of pelvis
True pelvis
171
Within the true pelvis the ovaries are located lateral to the uterus and posterior to broad ligament in an area called
Adnexa
172
The Ovaries are —— to ureter, internal iliac artery, and gonadal vessels
Anterior
173
What are present in ovaries
Follicles
174
Type of uterus malformation where there is only one fallopian tube, ovary
Uterus unicornis
175
Type of uterus malformation where there is two vaginas, two uteruses , still two fallopian tubes and ovaries
Uterus didelphys
176
What two potential spaces exist in male pelvis
Posterior cul de sac
| Space of retzius
177
The posterior cul de sac is also known as the
Rectovesicular pouch
| Pouch of douglas
178
Which potential space in the male pelvis covers the anterior surface of rectum and posterior surface of bladder
Posterior cul de sac
179
Which potential space in the male pelvis is the most inferior point and where fluid in the peritoneal cavity tends to collect
Posterior cul de sac
180
Which potential space in the male pelvis is the small space between symphysis pubis and anterior bladder
Space of retzius
181
Which potential space in the male pelvis is filled with extraperitoneal fat
Space of retzius
182
Uterine arteries are branches of what
Internal iliac artery (hypogastric)
183
Ovarian arteries are branches of what
Aorta
184
Uterine artery travel along which aspect of the uterus
Superior lateral
185
Branches of the uterine artery supply which two uterine layers
Arcuate
Radial
Others
186
The uterine artery joins ovarian artery at the level of which structure
Fallopian tubes
187
Venous vessels follow arteries and assume same name except what
The left ovarian joins the left renal vein
188
The male reproductive organs and associated structures are responsible for what
Producing sex hormones(testosterone)
| Contributing to male characteristics
189
Are male reproductive organs internal or external
They are both
190
What part of the true pelvis are the male reproductive organs located
True pelvis
191
What is a saclike structure continuous with abdominal wall
Scrotum
192
What contains testes, epididymis, part of ductus deferens
Scrotum
193
The scrotum is divided into lateral compartments known as
Median raphe
Median ridge
Median septum
194
What two muscles work together to elevate and lower the testicles to regulate internal testicular temperature and promote spermatogenesis
Dartos
| Cremaster
195
Which muscle related to the scrotum is the thin muscular layer that lies below the skin of the scrotum
Dartos
196
Which muscle gives the scrotum the wrinkled appearance
Dartos
197
What muscle merges centrally to form the internal scrotal septum (divides scrotum into 2 sacs, each containing a testis)
Dartos
198
What muscle surrounds each teste
Cremaster
199
Which muscle arises from internal oblique muscles of abdomen
Cremaster
200
Which muscle lifts and lowers testes towards and away from the body
Cremaster
201
Which structure is primary reproductive organ producing sperm and male sex hormones
Testes
202
Testes arise from level of kidneys in fetus and descend into the scrotum after which month
7th
203
What are ovoid paired glands
Testes
204
What is suspended in the scrotal sac
Testes
205
What are the size for the a normal adult size testes for length, width, AP
Length 5cm
Width 3cm
AP 3cm
206
What are the the two testicular coverings
Tunica albuginea
| Tunica vaginalis
207
What testicular covering is the dense white outer capsule adhering to both testes
Tunica albuginea
208
What testicular covering has extensions that project (septa) inward to dividing each testis into lobules
Tunica albuginea
209
What testicular covering is septa converges posteriorly to form the mediastinum
Tunica albuginea
210
What testicular covering is a thin outer layer (serous membrane)
Tunica vaginalis
211
What testicular covering is a serous sac derived from peritoneum
Tunica vaginalis
212
What testicular covering is divided into two layers
Tunica vaginalis
213
What are the two layers of the tunica vaginalis
Visceral - cover testes
| Parietal - lines the scrotum
214
The testes parenchyma are divided into lobules which contain what
Seminiferous tubules
215
About how many lobules are in each testes
200-400
216
Seminiferous tubules have about how many convoluted tubes per lobules
1-3
217
What is the site of sperm production (spermatogenesis)
Seminiferous tubules
218
What converges towards the mediastinum and empties into the straight tubule towards the mediastinum and rete testis
Seminiferous tubule
219
What is the short section of tube connecting the seminiferous tubules to the rete testis
Straight tubule
220
What is located in posterior aspect of testis to support converging tubules
Mediastinum testes
221
What is the wedge of connective tissue on the posterior aspect of testis
Mediastinum testes
222
What is continuous with tunica albuginea and septa (interlobar)
Mediastinum testes
223
What is structural support for rete tubules
Mediastinum testes
224
What encloses the rete testis
Mediastinum testes
225
What is the network of ducts in posterior aspect of testis
Rete testis
226
What are the ducts located within the mediastinum testis
Rete testis
227
What has an inlet (straight tubules) and an outlet (efferent tubules)
Rete testis
228
Tightly coiled tubular structure that is 6m long and 1mm in diameter
Epididymis (ductus epididymis)
229
The epididymis is located on what aspect of the testis
Posteriorlateral
230
What is responsible for the storage and maturation of sperm
Epididymis
231
What structure is continuous of the ductus deferens (vas deferens)
Epididymis
232
What are the three parts of the epididymis
Head
Body
Tail
233
The head of the epididymis is also known as the
Globus major
234
Which part of the epididymis is the largest portion and superior to testis
Head
235
Which part of epididymis is formed by efferent ductules
Head
236
The body of the epididymis run along which aspect of the testis
Posterolateral
237
What travels along the length of the epididymis body and tail
Ductus epididymis
238
The tail of the epididymis is also known as the
Globus minor
239
Which part of the epididymis empties into the ductus deferens within the spermatic cord at the inferior border of the testis
Tail
240
The ductus deferens are also known as
Vas deferens
241
What is the long tube that originates from the tail of the epididymis (continuation of ductus epididymis) called
Ductus deferens
242
What tube has its proximal end widening (ampulla) to meet the duct draining the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct
Ductus deferens
243
What structure ascends within the spermatic cord and travels through inguinal canal to pelvis
Ductus deferens
244
The ductus deferens travels along the —— pelvic walls towards the —— bladder
Lateral
| Posterior
245
The ductus deferens crosses between the —— and ——
Ureter
| Bladder
246
The ductus deferens descends —— to seminal vesicles and ureters
Medially
247
The ductus deferens joins the ejaculatory duct near the —- of the bladder
Base
248
The ductus deferens opens into the what
Prostatic urethra
249
What is the outer, tough covering extending from testis to pelvis providing protection
Spermatic cord
250
What structure encases numerous structures passing to and from testes
Spermatic cord
251
What three structures are encased within the spermatic cord
Vas deferens
Arteries and veins
Lymphatics and nerves
252
Are seminal vesicles paired accessory glands
Yes
253
What structure is coiled tubes that form pouches or vesicles
Seminal vesicles
254
What two structures join to form the ejaculatory duct
Seminal vesicle duct
| Vas deferens
255
Secretions from the seminal vesicles provide what for the sperm
Energy
256
Seminal vesicles are located on what aspects of the bladder
Posterior
| Inferior
257
The seminal vesicles are positioned what to the vas deferens
Lateral
258
The seminal vesicles are —- to the prostate
Superior
259
The seminal vesicles are —— to the rectum
Anterior
260
What are the extensions of the seminal vesicles called
Ejaculatory duct
261
What directs seminal vesicle secretions to prostatic urethra
Ejaculatory duct
262
The ejaculatory ducts travel obliquely in —— aspect of prostate
Posterior
263
What structure is composed of fibromuscular and glandular tissue
Prostate
264
Secretions from which structure move via several ducts to urethra to aid in mobility and fertility of sperm
Prostate
265
What structure in the male pelvis is conical shape
Prostate
266
What is normal size for the prostate in length, width, AP
Length 3.5 cm
Width 4 cm
AP 2.5 cm
267
The proximal urethra travels centrally through the
Prostate
268
Ejaculatory ducts descend inferiorly through —— portion of prostate gland and opens into prostatic urethra
Posterior
269
The glandular portion of the prostate is divided into three parts which are
Peripheral
Central
Transitional
270
The largest portion of the prostate is the
Prostate
271
The peripheral portion of the prostate is —— and —— to the distal prostatic urethra
Peripheral
272
A surgical capsule isolates which zone of prostate from others
Peripheral
273
Which part of prostate is most common site of prostate cancer
Peripheral
274
Which part of prostate extends from base of prostate to the verumontanum (junction with prostatic urethra)
Central
275
Which part of prostate surrounds the ejaculatory ducts
Central
276
Which part of prostate in located in between peripheral and transitional zones
Central
277
Which is the smallest part of the prostate
Transitional
278
Which part of prostate in located on lateral aspect of the proximal urethra
Transitional
279
The superior portion of gland, adjacent to neck of bladder
Base
280
Inferior portion of gland, in contact with pelvic diaphragm
Apex
281
Is the midline of the prostate inferior to the base of the bladder
Yup
282
The prostate is —— to the pelvic floor/diaphragm
Superior
283
The prostate is —— to the rectum
Anterior
284
The prostate is —— to the symphysis pubis
Posterior
285
The external reproductive organ of a male
Penis
286
What are the three cylindrical masses of erectile tissue and muscle of the penis
```
Corpora cavernosa (2)
Corpus spongiosum (1)
```
287
Which muscle/tissue of the penis is dorsilateral location
Corpora cavernosa
288
Which muscle/tissue of the penis becomes enlarged when filled with blood
Corpora cavernosa
289
Which muscle/tissue is midventral location
Corpus spongiosum
290
Which muscle/tissue of the penis encircles the spongy urethra
Corpus spongiosum
291
Which muscle/tissue of the penis expands distally to form the glans penis
Corpus spongiosum
292
—— blood supply originates in abdomen and —— blood supply returns to abdomen
Arterial
| Venous
293
—— testicular artery originates off the aorta
Arterial
294
—— right testicular vein drains into IVC
| Left testicular vein drains into left renal vein
Venous
295
Blood supply to the penis and urethra via internal pudendal arteries which are branches of the
Internal iliac arteries
296
Main venous drainage of the penis is the superficial and deep dorsal veins which connect with the
Pudenal venous plexus
