The Abdomen Flashcards
(413 cards)
1
Q
What cavity is located in the superior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity
A
Abdominal cavity
2
Q
The abdominal cavity is located where in reference to the diaphragm
A
Inferior to the diaphragm
3
Q
The abdominopelvic cavity is located where in reference to the pelvis
A
Superior to the pelvis
4
Q
The abdominal cavity is lined with what
A
Peritoneum
5
Q
What is the largest organ in the body
A
Liver
6
Q
Is the liver retroperitoneal or intraperitonel
A
Intraperitoneal
7
Q
The ——capsule covers the external surface of the liver
A
Glisson’s capsule
8
Q
What are three functions of the liver
A
Metabolic activities
Production/secretion of bile
Filtration of blood
9
Q
The liver occupies what quadrants in its location
A
RUQ and LUQ
10
Q
What regions do the liver occupy in its location
A
Right hypochondriac and epigastic and left hypochondriac in thin patients
11
Q
The diaphragm doesn’t touch the liver on what side
A
Inferior
12
Q
What structures are posterior to the liver
A
IVC
Aorta
Spine
13
Q
Which structures are left lateral to the liver
A
Spleen
Left kidney
Stomach
14
Q
Which structures are inferior to the kidney
A
Right kidney
Gallbladder
Right colon
15
Q
Which area of the liver is NOT covered in peritoneum
A
Bare area
16
Q
Which ligament divides the anterior surface of the liver
A
Falciform ligament
17
Q
The traditional method divided the liver into how many lobes
A
4 lobes
18
Q
Which ligament divided the liver into right and left lobe in the traditional method
A
Falciform ligament
19
Q
What were the four lobes called in the traditional method
A
Right
Left
Caudate
Quadrate
20
Q
In the functional or segmental method the liver is divided into how many lobes
A
3lobes
21
Q
Each lobe in the functional (segmental) method has its own what
A
Own arterial and venous blood supply and biliary drainage
22
Q
The definition of lobe is
A
Divisions according to anatomy
23
Q
The definition of segment is
A
Divisions according to function
24
Q
What plane divides the true right and left lobes
A
Gallbladder fossa to IVC
Main lobar fissure
Middle hepatic vein
25
The right lobe is divided into what two segments
Anterior and posterior
26
Which structure divides the right lobe into anterior and posterior segments
Right intersegmental fissure
27
Which two landmark divides the right lobe into anterior and posterior segments
Right hepatic vein
| Right portal vein
28
Which two structures run inside the right intersegmental fissure
Right hepatic vein
| Right portal vein
29
The left lobe is divided into what two segments
Medial and lateral
30
What structure divides the left lobe into medial and lateral segments
Left intersegmental fissure
31
What landmark divides the left lobe into medial and lateral segments
Left hepatic vein
32
Which three structures run inside the left intersegmental fissure
Left hepatic vein
Left portal vein
Ligamentum teres
33
The caudate lobe receives blood from where
Receive blood from right and left side of liver
34
The caudate lobe is located where on the liver
Posterior and superior
35
What is used to further subdivided the major segments for surgical applications
Couinaud’s segmentation classification
36
How many segments is there in the couinaud’s segmentation classification
8
37
What direction are the lobes in couinaud’s numbered
Clockwise
38
What is the first lobe in couinaud’s segmentation classification
Caudate lobe
39
Is the right or left lobe larger
Right
40
What are three things that delineate the boundary between the right lobe and left lobe
Main lobar fissure
Middle hepatic vein
Imaginary line from gallbladder to IVC
41
The left medial segment of the liver was previously known as
Quadrate lobe
42
What is the smallest lobe on the liver
Caudate lobe
43
What are the boundaries that mark the caudate lobe
Left portal vein
ligamentum venosum
IVC
44
A normal variant that has an inferior extension of the right lobe that extends caudally to iliac crests
Reidel’s lobe
45
Fibrous, stretchy attachments that tether the liver to the abdominal cavity that make good ultrasound landmarks and from many boundaries for lobes and segments are
Ligaments and peritoneal attachments
46
A peritoneal fold that connect the liver to the diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall
Falciform ligament
47
Which ligament is continuous with the ligamentum teres on the visceral surface
Falciform ligament
48
Which ligament is a divider between right and left subphrenic spaces
Falciform ligament
49
Remnants of the fetal left umbilical vein
Ligamentum teres
50
Which ligament connects to falciform ligament on anterior, inferior surface
Ligamentum teres
51
Which ligament divides the left lobe into medial and lateral segments
Ligamentum teres
52
Which ligament extends posteriorly to join the ligamentum venosum
Ligamentum teres
53
Obliterated remnant of the ductus venosus of the fetus
Ligamentum venosum
54
Which ligament is the division between left lateral lobe and caudate lobe
Ligamentum venosum
55
Which ligament runs posteriorly from ligamentum teres at level of porta hepatis on visceral surface
Ligamentum venosum
56
What ligamentum attaches inferior surface of the liver to the stomach or duodenum
Ligamentum venosum
57
A groove, cleft or deep furrow in organ
Fissure
58
What forms a natural division in an organ
Fissure
59
The main lobar fissure is also called what
Middle intersegmental fissure
| Interlobar fissure
60
What structure separates the functional right and left lobe of liver
Main lobar fissure
61
What structure courses through the the main lobar fissure
Middle hepatic vein
62
The main lobar fissure can be found where on ultrasound
From gallbladder to right portal vein
63
The left intersegmental is divided into thirds. What are they
Cranial -left hepatic vein superior
Middle -left portal vein middle
Caudal -ligamentum teres inferior
64
What drains blood from the liver and empties into IVC
Hepatic veins
65
Hepatic veins course from an inferior anterior aspect to what
Superior posterior to IVC
66
What are the three hepatic veins
Right
Middle
Left
67
The hepatic veins join the IVC just inferior to what structure
Diaphragm
68
As the hepatic veins approach the IVC they increase or decrease in diameter
Increase
69
The middle hepatic vein drains what parts of the middle
Medial left lobe (quadrate)
| Anterior segment of right lobe
70
Are the walls of hepatic veins or portal veins more hyperechoic
Portal vein walls brighter
71
What supplies 20-30% of blood to liver
Hepatic artery
72
The branch from celiac axis that goes to the right it the
Common hepatic artery
73
The entrance/exit of the liver is called
Hilum of liver
| Porta hepatis
74
A portal triad consists of what three things
Hepatic artery
Bile duct
Portal vein
75
Which artery is anterior main portal vein
Hepatic artery proper
76
Which artery lies medial to common bile duct
Hepatic artery proper
77
Which two vessels are intrahepatic
Right hepatic artery
| Left hepatic artery
78
What supplies 70-80% of nutrient rich blood to the liver
Portal systems
79
Do vessels of the portal system connect directly with the IVC
NOPE
80
The main portal vein is formed by the union of what two vessels
Superior mesenteric vein
| Splenic vein
81
Where is the main portal vein formed
Behind neck of pancreas (L2)
82
What drains the right side of the small intestine, ascending colon, transverse colon
SMV
83
Is the superior mesenteric vein located on right or left side of superior mesenteric artery
Right
84
The portal confluence is formed by what
Junction of SMV and SV
85
The origin of the main portal vein is what
Portal confluence
86
The splenic vein travels on what surface of the pancreatic body and tail
Posterior
87
The splenic vein courses —— to the splenic artery
Inferior
88
What are some structures located posterior to the splenic vein
Aorta
IVC
SMA
Renal vessels
89
What drains left side of bowel, descending colon, sigmoid, rectum
Inferior mesenteric vein
90
The inferior mesenteric vein joins which vein posterior to the body of pancreas (left of body)
Joins splenic vein
91
The main portal vein is formed where in relation to the pancreas
Behind neck of pancreas
92
The main portal vein enters the liver where
Porta hepatis
93
The main portal vein is posterior to what vessels
Hepatic artery proper
| Biliary ducts
94
The main portal vein bifurcates into what
Right portal vein
| Left portal vein
95
The main portal vein is located where in relation to duodenum
Posterior
96
The main portal vein is located where in relation to IVC
Anterior
97
The liver has a dual blood supply from what two structures
Hepatic artery - oxygen rich blood
| Portal vein - full of nutrients from GI tract
98
Where is bile formed and how is it transported
Formed in liver cells (hepatocytes) transported by ducts
99
What do the biliary system do
Produce, concentrate, secrete, transport bile from liver to duodenum
100
What is bile used for
Digestion of fats in the diet
101
Where is the biliary system located in the quadrant method
RUQ
102
Where is the biliary system located in the regional method
Right hypochondriac , epigastric region
103
What does the gallbladder do with bile
Stores it
104
The gallbladder is located where compared to the liver
Inferior aspect of liver in a depression on the liver
105
Is the gallbladder retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal
Intraperitoneal
106
Where does the gallbladder lie in respect to the IVC and right kidney respectively
IVC - lateral
| Right kidney - medial
107
What are the three parts of the gallbladder
Neck
Body
Fundus
108
The portion of the gallbladder between the neck and fundus is called
Body
109
Narrowed, tapered, superior portion of the gallbladder is which part
Neck
110
The main lobar fissure extends superiorly from this part of the gall bladder
Neck
111
The inferior and anterior portion of the gallbladder is the
Fundus
112
The fixed part of the gallbladder is the
Neck
113
The mobile part of the liver is what
Fundus
114
A fold in the gallbladder’s fundus is called what (smurfs hat)
Phrygian cap
115
A fold at the junction of the neck and body in the gallbladder is called what
Junctional fold
116
A small posterior pouch near the gallbladder’s neck is called what
Hartmann pouch
117
The duct system is divided into what two types of ducts
Intrahepatic
| Extrahepatic
118
Do branches get smaller or bigger along the biliary tree
Larger
119
What are the very small ducts within the liver collecting bile secretions that follow the course of portal veins and hepatic arterial branches
Intrahepatic ductules
120
Where do the right and left hepatic ducts roughly join together
About level of liver hilum
121
The common hepatic duct is formed by what
Junction of right and left hepatic ducts
122
The common bile duct courses in which aspect in respect to the right and main portal veins
Anterior
123
What does the cystic duct drain
Gallbladder
124
The spiral valves of heister are found in which duct
Cystic duct
125
The cystic duct merges with what to form the common bile duct
Common hepatic duct
126
The common bile duct is formed from what two vessels forming
Common hepatic duct
| Cystic duct
127
The common bile duct travels —— towards the head of the pancreas to join which duct
Inferiorly to join the pancreatic duct
128
The junction of the pancreatic duct and common bile duct form what
Ampulla of vater
129
The ampulla of vater dumps into the duodenum via what
Sphincter of oddi
130
What does the sphincter of oddi do
Controls the flow of bile into the duodenum
131
The common bile duct is about how long
6-8 cm
132
The common bile duct lies where in regards to the main portal vein and hepatic artery proper respectively
Anterior
| Lateral
133
The common bile duct travels along or within which aspect of the head of the pancreas
Posterior
134
An elongated, lobular gland
Pancreas
135
The pancreas usually lies at what level
Transpyloric level
136
Does the pancreas have a capsule
Nope
137
Is the pancreas retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal
Retroperitoneal except part of tail
138
What percent of the pancreas is endocrine and exocrine
Endocrine - 1%
| Exocrine - 99%
139
The exocrine gland in the pancreas secretes what
Acini cells secrete enzymes that help in digestion
140
The endocrine glands secrete what
Islets of langerhans cells secrete hormones to regulate blood sugars
141
Which system transports bile and pancreatic juices to the duodenum
Duct system
142
In the quadrant method what spaces does the pancreas occupy
RUQ
| LUQ
143
In the regional method which areas does the pancreas occupy
Right hypochondriac
| Epigastric
144
Part of pancreas that is bulbous and located out of midline
Head
145
Part of pancreas surrounded by four parts of duodenum
Head
146
The IVC lies where in relation to the head of the pancreas
Posterior
147
The right renal vein and artery travel what in relation to the pancreatic head
Posterior
148
Gastroduodenal lies along what portion of the head
Anterolateral
149
Common bile duct is positioned where along the head of the pancreas head
Posterolateral
150
A posteromedial extension of the pancreatic head
Uncinate process
151
Uncinate process is directly —— to the SMV and —— to the IVC
Posterior
| Anterior
152
What are the parts of the pancreas
Head
Neck
Body
Tail
153
What part of the pancreas is located directly anterior to the SMV
Neck
154
Which part of the pancreas is directly posterior to the pylorus of stomach
Neck
155
Most anterior aspect of pancreas between neck and tail
Body
156
Which part of pancreas lies posterior to antrum of stomach
Body
157
Which part of pancreas lies anterior to aorta, SMA, splenic vein, left renal vein and artery, spine
Body
158
Which part of pancreas lies inferior to splenic artery
Body
159
Most superior portion of pancreas
Tail
160
Which part of pancreas extends from left lateral edge of spine to hilum of spleen
Tail
161
Which part of pancreas is anterior is left kidney
Tail
162
Which part of pancreas is posterior to stomach and transverse colon
Tail
163
Which part of pancreas is lateral to spine
Tail
164
Which part of pancreas is medial to spleen
Tail
165
What courses along superior surface of tail of pancreas
Splenic artery
166
What travels along mid-posterior surface of tail of pancreas
Splenic vein
167
The main pancreatic duct is also called what
Duct of Wirsung
168
The main pancreatic duct joins what in the head of the pancreas
Common bile duct
169
The main pancreatic duct joins with the common bile duct to form what
Ampulla of vater
170
Accessory pancreatic duct is also called what
Duct of santorini
171
The secondary duct draining the upper anterior portion of pancreatic head
Accessory pancreatic duct
172
Enter medial aspect of descending duodenum proximal to the ampulla of vater
Accessory of pancreatic duct
173
What four things does the urinary system maintain
Water
Electrolytes
Blood pressure regulation
pH balance
174
What two things does the urinary system do
Maintain chemical balance
| Excrete liquid waste products
175
What does the urinary system consist of
Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra
176
The kidneys lie obliquely in the abdomen in what levels
T12 - L4
177
Is the left or right kidney higher in the abdomen
Left
178
About how long is an adult kidney
9-12 cm
179
Are kidneys retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal
Retroperitoneal
180
Kidneys are —— to the spine, aorta, IVC
Lateral
181
Kidneys are —— to psoas muscles
Anterolateral
182
Kidneys are —— to the quadratus lumborum muscle
Anterior
183
The upper poles of kidneys are —— and —— to lower poles
Posterior
| Medial
184
Outer portion of kidney between renal capsule and base of pyramids is referred to as
Renal parenchyma
185
The outer cortex and inner medulla of the kidney is called
Renal parenchyma
186
The area between renal capsule and medulla is
Cortex
187
Part of kidney that contains functional units
Cortex
188
Functional unit of kidneys
Nephrons
189
The cortex which extends between renal pyramids into the medulla
Columns of Bertin
190
Located between cortex and renal sinus
Medullary pyramids
191
About how many pyramids in kidney
8-18
192
Central and medial aspect of kidney is referred to as
Renal sinus
193
The part of kidney that includes calyces (minor and major)
Renal sinus
194
Part of kidney packed with fat
Renal sinus
195
Receive apex of pyramids (about 8-18)
Minor calyx
196
Receive urine from minor calyx (2-3)
Major calyx
197
Flared portion of upper ureter
Renal pelvis
198
What in the kidney is posterior to renal vessels
Renal pelvis
199
What is the order of renal artery and vein and ureter in kidney
Vaginas - veins
Are - artery
Ugly - ureter
200
What are the coverings of the kidney from closest to kidney to farthest away
Renal capsule
Perirenal fat
Renal fascia / gerota’s fascia
Pararenal fat
201
Localized bulge on lateral border of left kidney
Dromedary hump
202
Often indents the renal sinus, larger then normal columns
Hypertrophied column of bertin
203
Defect located at junction of upper and middle third of kidney
Parenchyma junctional defect
204
Congenital - fusion of lower poles of right and left kidneys
Horseshoe kidney
205
Kidney located outside the normal renal fossa
Ectopic kidney
206
Muscular tubes that convey urine from kidneys to urine bladder
Ureters
207
The ureters travel which direction through the retroperitoneal
Inferior
208
Ureters extend from what part of kidney to which part of bladder
Renal hilum to posterior portion of bladder at trigone
209
What happens to the diameter of ureters as they travel to the bladder
Decrease in size
210
The ureters are located anterior or posterior to internal iliac artery
Anterior
211
The ureters are anterior or posterior to ovaries
Posterior
212
Ureters enter the bladder on which surface
Posterolateral
213
Junction of the renal pelvis and ureter
Ureteropelvic junction (UPJ)
214
Junction between lower ureters and bladder
Ureterovesicular junction (UVJ)
215
A hollow, symmetrical, reservoir for urine
Bladder
216
How many layers are there in the bladder
Four
217
What are the four layers from inside to outside of the bladder
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa
218
The bladder is fixed by its what
Base
219
The bladder is located what to the symphysis pubis
Posterior
220
The bladder is located what to the uterus, vagina, rectum,
Anterior
221
Superior portion of the bladder is the
Apex
222
The inferior portion of the bladder is the
Base
223
The trigone of the bladder is located in its
Base
224
What makes up the trigone in the bladder
```
Bladder inlets (2) - right/left ureterovesicular junctions
Bladder outlet (1) - urethra
```
225
Is the male or female urethra longer
Male 15-20 cm
| Female 4 cm
226
The urethra is directly what to the pubic symphysis
Posterior
227
The male urethra passes through what three structures
Prostate
Urogenital diaphragm
Penis
228
The adrenal gland is retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal
Retroperitoneal
229
What is the shape of the adrenal
Pyramid shape
| Triangular
230
The adrenal sits what in relation to the kidney
Medial
231
What are the three parts of the adrenal
Capsule
Cortex
Medulla
232
The right adrenal is that to the IVC
Lateral
233
The right adrenal is what to the right liver
Medial
234
The left adrenal is what to the pancreatic tail
Posterior
235
The left adrenal is what splenic veins
Posterior
236
The left adrenal is what to the stomach
Posterior
237
The left adrenal is what to the aorta
Lateral
238
The spleen in intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal
Intraperitoneal
239
What are the four functions for the spleen
- Defense: produce lymphocytes, phagocytes, plasma cells, anitbodies
- hematopoiesis
- filter out old RBC and platelets
- blood reservoir
240
The ligamentum teres is also known as the
Round ligament
241
What are the typical length and width measurements of an adult spleen
Length 12-13 cm
| Width 7-8 cm
242
Where is the spleen located in the quadrant and regional method
LUQ
| Left hypochondriac
243
Is there a peritoneal covering on the spleen
No
244
What are structures enter and exit the splenic hilum
Splenic artery
Splenic vein
Lymph vessels
Lymph nerves
245
What are accessory spleens called
Splenule
246
Splenic variant is found in about what percent of the population
10%
247
What are four functions of the GI tract
Ingest food
Break down food
Distribute useful components of food throughout body
Get rid of solid waste products
248
How many layers make up the lining of the GI tract
Four
249
What are the four layers of the GI tract from inner to outer
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa
250
What glands are located in the mouth that secrete enzymes to break down food and lubricate mouth
Salivary glands
251
Muscular tube that extends from mouth to stomach though thorax and anterior to thoracic spine is what
Esophagus
252
The esophagus pierces the diaphragm at what level
T10
253
What is peristalsis
The swallowing and gravity moving food down the esophagus
254
The esophagus is located where in relation to the aorta
Anterior and left of aorta
255
The terminal end of the esophagus is called what
Gastroesophageal junction (GE junction)
256
What structure allows food into stomach and prevents gastric juices from moving into esophagus
GE junction
257
The GE junction is found in relation to the diaphragm
Inferior
258
The GE junction is located where in relation to the left lobe of liver
Posterior
259
What large pouch shaped organ is responsible for collection and breakdown of food
Stomach
260
Which structure secretes gastric juices (hydrochloride acid and pepsin)
Stomach
261
Which structure reduces food into chyme so it is easy to move through intestine
Stomach
262
What is chyme
The reduced state/solution food is in to move through the intestine
263
The stomach is located between which two structures
Esophagus and duodenum
264
Is the stomach intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal
Intraperitoneal
265
The stomach occupies which quadrant of the body
LUQ
266
The internal folds of the stomach are known as
Rugae
267
What are the five part of the stomach
```
Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pylorus
-pyloric antrum
-pyloric canal
```
268
The entrance to the stomach (superior medial aspect)
Cardia
269
Rounded portion of stomach above gastroesophageal junction
Fundus
270
Major portion of stomach
Body
271
Part of stomach between fundus and pylorus
Body
272
Which part of stomach is divided into two portions
Pylorus
273
What are the two parts of the pylorus
Pyloric antrum
| Pyloric canal
274
Which comes first in the stomach pyloric antrum or pyloric canal
Pyloric antrum
275
Wider portion of pylorus
Pyloric antrum
276
The pyloric antrum is what in regards to the pancreatic body
Anterior
277
The pyloric antrum and canal are at about what level
Transpyloric plane
| L1-L2
278
Part of pylorus between antrum and duodenum
Pyloric canal
279
Which part of pylorus is near midline of body
Pyloric antrum
280
Which part of pylorus is slightly right of midline
Pyloric canal
281
The pyloric canal is what in regards to the liver
Posterior
282
The pyloric canal is what in regards to the pancreatic neck
Anterior
283
The lesser curve is the inside or outside of stomach
On side of curve of stomach
| Right border of organ
284
The greater curve of the stomach is located where
On the outer big curve of the stomach
| Left border of organ
285
The lesser curvature of the stomach extends from where to where
Cardiac office and pyloric office
286
The site of attachment of the lesser curvature on the stomach
Lesser omentum to liver
287
The small intestine is about how long
6-7 m
288
The small intestine occupies which quadrants
RLQ
| LLQ
289
The small intestine is divided into how many parts
Three
290
What are the three parts of the small intestine
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
291
The shortest portion of the small intestine
Duodenum
292
Where is the small intestine located in the quadrant method
RLQ
| LLQ
293
Where is the duodenum located in the regional method
Epigastric
294
The duodenum connects to the pylorus via the
Pyloric sphincter
295
How many parts are there of the duodenum
Superior
Descending
Transverse
Ascending
296
The ONLY intraperitoneal part of the duodenum is the
Superior
Bulb
1st
297
Which part of duodenum is anterior to pancreatic head and posterior to the gallbladder fundus
Superior
Bulb
1st
298
Which part of duodenum is vertical position
Descending
| 2nd
299
Which part of duodenum is right lateral to pancreatic head and posterior to transverse colon
Descending
| 2nd
300
What three parts of duodenum are retroperitoneal
Descending (2nd)
Transverse (3rd)
Ascending (4th)
301
Which part of transverse is anterior to aorta and IVC
| Is inferior to pancreatic head
Transverse (3rd)
302
Which part of duodenum is anterior to aorta and inferior/medial to pancreatic head
Ascending (4th)
303
Which part of duodenum connects to jejunum
Ascending (4th)
304
Is the jejunum intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal
Intraperitoneal
305
Which part small intestine is tightly coiled around the umbilicus region
Jejunum
306
The final and longest portion of small bowel is
Ileum
307
Which part of small intestine terminates at the junction of cecum/ascending colon
Ileum
308
What structure connects the ileum and cecum together
Ileocecal junction
| Ileocecal valve
309
The large intestine is also called what
Colon
310
What structure frames the small intestine
Large intestine
311
Does the small or large intestine have a larger diameter
Large intestine has larger diameter
312
What are the puckered sacs along the large intestine called
Haustra
313
How many divisions does the large intestine have
Five
314
What are the five divisions of the large intestine
```
Cecum
Colon
Sigmoid
Rectum
Anus
```
315
Pouch like portion at origin of ascending colon in the large intestine is
The cecum
316
The cecum is located where in the quadrant and regional methods respectively
RLQ
| Right iliac region
317
What structure extends from inferior portion of cecum
Appendix
318
The appendix is what type of tube
Blind ended
319
About how long is the appendix
6-10 cm
320
The colon has many parts
4 sections
321
What are the four sections of the colon
Ascending (right side)
Transverse (midline)
Descending (left side)
Sigmoid (LLQ)
322
Which part of colon has superior path along right flank
Ascending
323
Which part of colon contains the hepatic flexure
Ascending
324
What is the structure that has a 90 degree turn connecting ascending and transverse colon
Hepatic flexure
325
Is the ascending part of the colon retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal
Retroperitoneal
326
What part of colon travels horizontally across midline
Transverse
327
Which part of colon extend from hepatic flexure to splenic flexure
Transverse
328
Is the transverse colon intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal
Intraperitoneal
329
Which part of colon starts at the splenic flexure
Descending
330
Is the splenic flexure or hepatic flexure more superior
Splenic flexure more superior
331
Which part of colon is inferior path along the left flank
Descending
332
Is the descending colon intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal
Retroperitoneal
333
Which part of colon is S shaped terminal end
Sigmoid
334
The sigmoid part of the colon occupies which part of regional method
Left inguinal
| Suprapubic region
335
The rectum is located in false or true pelvis
True
336
The rectum is located what to the bladder
Posterior
337
the external orfice of the colon is the
Anus
338
The what cavity is the potential space between parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum
Peritoneal cavity
339
What is a sterile space that extends from the abdomen to the pelvis and is closed to the outside environment
Peritoneal cavity
340
The peritoneal cavity is open in which gender and why
Females
| Pierced by Fallopian tubes
341
The peritoneal cavity is closed in what gender
Male
342
The peritoneal cavity contains what
Small amount of serous fluid
343
What consists of peritoneal folds and contains several potential spaces
Peritoneal cavity
344
A very thin lubricated serous membrane that acts as a barrier to ward off infection is what
Peritoneum
345
The peritoneum acts as a what to other structures
A supportive layer to anchor structures
346
The peritoneum consists of how many layers
Two
347
What are the two layers of the peritoneum
Parietal
| Visceral
348
What part of peritoneum covers abdominal and pelvis walls
Parietal
349
What part of peritoneum covers solid and hollow viscera
Visceral
350
List seven peritoneal organs
```
Liver (except bare area)
Gallbladder
Spleen
Stomach
Ovaries
1st part of duodenum
Transverse colon
```
351
The peritoneal folds consist of what two things
Mesenteries
| Omentum
352
Peritoneal folds connecting small and large bowel to posterior abdominal wall
Mesenteries
353
Supports vessels, lymphatic, nerves, in the peritoneal cavity
Mesenteries
354
What in the peritoneal cavity prevents twisting of the bowel
Mesenteries
355
The mesenteries include what two things
Mesentery
| Mesocolon
356
What is a double layered fold in the peritoneal cavity
Mesentery
357
What is a large fan shaped structure in the peritoneal cavity
Mesentery
358
What structure in the peritoneal cavity encloses the jejunum and ileum
Mesentery
359
What structure in the peritoneal cavity connects above bowel to the posterior abdominal wall
Mesentery
360
What structure in the peritoneal cavity attaches to the colon
Mesocolon
361
What structure in the peritoneal cavity connects the transverse colon and sigmoid to the posterior abdominal wall
Mesocolon
362
What in the peritoneal cavity is a double layer of peritoneum
Omentum
363
What in the peritoneal cavity are folds of mesentery extending from stomach to intraabdominal sites
Omentum
364
What are the two main folds of the omentum
Greater omentum
| Lesser omentum
365
Which omentum is an apron like fold
Greater omentum
366
Which omentum connects the greater curvature of the stomach and transverse colon
Greater omentum
367
Which omentum positions itself
- from the stomach draping inferior/anterior over transverse colon and small intestine
- turns posterior on itself and extend superiorly to attach to transverse colon
Greater omentum
368
The lesser omentum is also known as the
Gastrohepatic ligament
369
Which omentum is a double layer of mesentery
Lesser omentum
370
Which omentum connects lesser curvature of stomach and 1st part of duodenum to visceral surface of liver
Lesser omentum
371
Which sacs consist of large potential spaces
Peritoneal sacs
372
The peritoneal sacs consist of two main ones which are
The greater sac
| The lesser sac
373
Which sac accounts for most space in the peritoneal cavity
Greater sac
374
Which sac in peritoneal cavity extends from diaphragm to pelvis and width of abdomen
Greater sac
375
The greater sac communicates with the lesser sac at what region
Epigastric region
376
The greater sac is —— to lesser sac superiorly
Anterior
377
The greater sac is —— to lesser sac inferiorly
Posterior
378
Which sac in peritoneal cavity surrounds small bowel inferiorly
Greater sac
379
Which sac in peritoneal cavity is superior to pelvis structures
Greater sac
380
The lesser sac is also known as what
Omentum bursa
381
The lesser stomach is —— to the stomach
Posterior
382
The lesser sac is —— and —— to the liver
Posterior
| Liver
383
The lesser sac is —— to the transverse colon
Anterior
384
The lesser sac is —— to the pancreas
Anterior
385
The lesser sac is —— to the left kidney
Anterior
386
The lesser sac extends to the —— ——
Splenic hilum
387
The opening between the sacs is known by four names what are they
Neck
Epiploic foramen
Foramen of Winslow
Omental foramen
388
What structure at the porta hepatis aligns with the anterior margin of the opening
Portal triad
389
What are the two supracolic compartments
Subphrenic spaces
| Subhepatic spaces
390
What are the two Infracolic compartments
Paracolic gutters
| Pelvic reflections
391
What space in the peritoneal cavity is between the diaphragm and anterior and superior diaphragmatic surfaces of the liver
Subphrenic
392
The falciform ligament is a boundary for the right and left —— spaces in the peritoneal cavity
Subphrenic
393
Which space is inferior to visceral surface of the liver in the peritoneal cavity
Subhepatic
394
The right lateral side of subphrenic side is
Morison’s pouch
395
What is the most dependent part of the subhepatic space
Morison’s pouch
396
The subhepatic’s spaces left side is —— to the antrum of the stomach
Anterior
397
What space is inbetween the ascending colon and right lateral abdominal wall
Right paracolic gutter
398
What space is between the descending colon and the left lateral abdominal wall
Left parabolic gutter
399
Structures located posterior to the peritoneal are
Retroperitoneum
400
Structures anchored to the posterior wall are
Retroperitoneum
401
Structures lined anteriorly by peritoneum and have limited mobility are
Retroperitoneum
402
List eight retroperitoneal structures
```
Kidneys
Ureters
Adrenals
Pancreas (except tail)
Duodenum (2,3,4)
Aorta
IVC
Ascending/descending colon
```
403
What is posterior to the peritoneal cavity
Anterior to the transverse fascia
Extends from diaphragm to pelvic brim
Retroperitoneum
404
What are the three potential spaces for the retroperitoneum
Anterior pararenal space
Perirenal space
Posterior pararenal space
405
What space is immediately posterior to the peritoneum
Anterior pararenal space
406
What space is between periatel peritoneum of the posterior cavity and anterior renal fascia
Anterior pararenal space
407
Which space crosses midline
Anterior pararenal space
408
What space is an area enclosed by renal fascia
Perirenal space
409
Which space contains perirenal fat
Perirenal space
410
Which space surrounds kidneys,adrenal glands,blood vessels and lymph nodes
Perirenal space
411
Which space is posterior to renal fascia
Posterior pararenal space
412
Which space is between the posterior renal fascia and the transversalis fascia of the abdominal wall
Posterior pararenal space
413
Which space has no solid organs and little fat in this area
Posterior pararenal space
