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NOTECARDS > Basic First Aid > Flashcards

Basic First Aid Flashcards

1
Q

Universal Precautions

A
  • Treat all bodily fluids as if they were INFECTED
  • Wear gloves
  • Use barriers
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2
Q

Emergency Moves

A
  • Walking Assist (1 or 2 people)- semi-conscious person, leg injury
  • Pack Strap Carry- Conscious or Unconscious
  • Two Person Sear Carry- Unconscious
  • Clothes Drag- Conscious or Unconscious, helps to stabilize head, neck, and back injury
  • Blanket Drag- easy to move when alone
  • Foot Drag- helps to move a person too large to carry
  • Do not give a person food or water
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3
Q

Wounds

A
  • Contusion (Bruise)
  • Abrasion (Scrape)
  • Laceration (Cut)
  • Avulsion
  • Puncture
  • CONTROL BLEEDING AND PREVENT INFECTION
  • MAJOR WOUNDS: severe bleeding
  • MINOR WOUNDS: cut (put pressure on it, put a bandaid)
  • Contact solution with an amputated finger
  • Leave an embedded object in person - let hospital take out the object
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4
Q

Control Bleeding

A
  • Apply direct pressure
  • Elevate
  • Pressure bandage- 2x if necessary
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5
Q

Shock

A
  • Result from another injury or illness
  • The inability for the circulatory system to provide oxygen-rich blood to all parts of the body, including brain, heart and lungs
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6
Q

Types of Shock

A

Hypovolemic - significant body fluid loss
Cardiogenic - due to heart damage or disease
Neurogenic - due to pain and nerve injury
Anaphylactic - reaction to an allergen
Psychogenic - psychological and emotional shock
Septic - infection

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7
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Shock

A
  • Restlessness and irritability
  • Altered consciousness
  • Pale, cool, moist skin
  • Rapid breathing
  • Rapid pulse
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8
Q

Care for Shock

A
  • Have victim lie down
  • Control any bleeding
  • Maintain normal body temperature
  • Reassure the victim
  • Do not give anything to eat
  • Call EMS
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9
Q

EpiPen/Anaphylaxis

A
  • Only apply EpiPen to a victim who has a prescribed EpiPen
  • Outer Thigh
  • Hold for 10 seconds
  • Immediately call EMS
  • Do not wait to administer EpiPen
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10
Q

Asthma Attack

A
  • Asthma is a condition in which a victims bronchial tract becomes inflamed and can close from the inflammation
    Signs and Symptoms:
  • Difficulty breathing - shortness of breath
  • Coughing
  • Wheezing
  • Tightness in chest
  • Rapid shallow breathing
  • Unable to talk without stopping for a breath
  • Fear and confusion
    Care: Assist with inhaler, calm the victim, stop activity
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11
Q

Burns

A
  • 1st Degree-superficial tissue burn
  • 2nd Degree-most painful, partial tissue burn
  • 3rd Degree-complete tissue burn
    Critical Burns-life threatening
  • cover more than one body part
  • child or elderly
  • causing difficulty breathing
  • over head, neck, or genitals
  • from chemicals, explosives or electricity
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12
Q

Care for Burns

A
  • Stop
  • Cool
  • Cover
  • Determine if critical
  • Call EMS
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13
Q

Stroke

A
  • Stroke - reduce blood flow to the brain
  • Person often VISIBLY impaired on one side of body, victim usually disoriented
    FAST - Face, Arm, Speech, Time
  • Face-weakness on one side of face, ask the victim to smile
  • Arm- weakness or numbness in one arm, ask the victim to raise both arms
    -Speech- slurred speech or trouble getting words out, have person repeat a simple sentence
    -Time- Note time signals first observed
  • Call 9-1-1
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14
Q

Sudden Illness

A
  • Look or feel sick
  • Lightheaded, confused, dizzy, weak
  • Nausea
  • Change in skin color
  • Change in consciousness
  • Persistent pain
  • Severe headache
  • Slurred speech
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15
Q

Care

A
  • Rest comfortably
  • Keep from exchange temperatures
  • Watch for changes
  • If they vomit…place on side
  • If they faint…place on back and elevate feet 8-12 inches off ground
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16
Q

Diabetic Emergency

A
  • Pancreas secretes insulin to break down the sugar in our foods into its simplest form, glucose, which is used by the body’s cell
  • Insulin Dependent Diabetic-Pancreas does not supply enough insulin
  • Hypoglycemic-not enough insulin/too much sugar
17
Q

Diabetic Emergency

A 
Signals
- Seems ill
- Gradual onset and progression
- Restlessness and confusion
GIVE SUGAR
- if they improve, monitor
- if they don't improve, call 9-1-1
18
Q

Seizure

A
  • Clear area
  • Pad the head - make a pillow
  • Do not restrain
  • Do not put anything between teeth
  • Reassure victim
  • Seizure that lasts more than 5 minutes is death threatening
  • Symptoms: lose body control, body is rigid, screams, may fall
19
Q

Sprains and Strains

A
  • Sprain: stretching or tearing the ligaments (attach bone to bone)
  • StrainL stretching or tearing the muscle or tendon (muscle to bone)
    Care: RICE
  • Rest
  • Ice
  • Compression
  • Elevation
20
Q

Spinal Injuries

A
  • NEVER move a victim if a spine injury is suspected
  • In-line stabilization
  • If unconscious…suspect neck injury
21
Q

Immobilization

A
  • Splint only if you have to move victim
  • Splint in position you found the victim in
  • Splint only if you do so without harm
  • Check for feeling, warmth and color before and after
    TYPES: anatomical, rigid, soft (sling)
22
Q

Poisoning

A 
If suspect poisoning...
Call 9-1-1 or Poison Control
Types of Poisoning 
- ingestion
- absorption
-inhalation
-injection
23
Q

When do you call 9-1-1?

A
  • Unconscious
  • Having trouble breathing
  • Chest pain or pressure in chest
  • Internal bleeding - pressure in abdominal does not go away
  • Severe bleeding
  • Vomiting blood
24
Q

Poisoning

A 
If suspect poisoning...
Call 9-1-1 or Poison Control
Types of Poisoning 
- ingestion
- absorption
-inhalation
-injection
25
Q

When do you call 9-1-1?

A
  • Unconscious
  • Having trouble breathing
  • Chest pain or pressure in chest
  • Internal bleeding - pressure in abdominal does not go away
  • Severe bleeding
  • Vomiting blood
26
Q

Heat-Related Illness

A
  • Heat Cramps - cramping, fatigue
  • Heat exhaustion - sweaty, fatigue
  • HEAT STROKE (LIFE THREATENING)
  • red, dry, skin. No sweat.
27
Q

Cold Related Illness

A
  • Frostbite
  • Hypothermia
  • Care: slowly rewarm the victim
  • remove wet clothes
  • add warm clothes
  • hats
  • something warm to drink

NOTECARDS (25 decks)

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