Basic Overview

Question 1

Neuron responsible for “transportation”

Answer 1

Microtubules

Question 2

Neuron responsible for “structural support”

Answer 2

Neurofibrils

Question 3

“Rough ER” of nervous system

Answer 3

Nissl Substance

Question 4

Which neurons continue to divide through life?

Answer 4

Olfactory neurons

Question 5

Cell bodies of the CNS

Answer 5

Nuclei

Question 6

Cell bodies of the PNS

Answer 6

Ganglia

Question 7

Receptive portion of neuron, sends info to cell body

Answer 7

Dendrites

Question 8

Regular interruptions of the myelin sheath (along the AXON) which allow for Saltatory Conduction

Answer 8

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 9

Axon branching allows several target cells to simultaneously receive a message from one neuron.

Answer 9

Divergence

Question 10

Dendritic branches allow one neuron to receive messages from several presynaptic cells at the same time.

Answer 10

Convergence

Question 11

Most common structural type of neuron

Answer 11

Multipolar

number of processes extending from cell body

Question 12

Support neurons of CNS, 5x more numerous

Answer 12

Neuroglia

Question 13

Fill the spaces between neurons and surround the blood vessels in the CNS.

Answer 13

Astrocytes (neuroglia)

Question 14

Deposit myelin within the CNS.

Answer 14

Oligodendrocytes

Question 15

Remove debris in the CNS

Answer 15

Microglia

Question 16

Line the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)–filled cavities of the CNS; create CSF.

Answer 16

Ependymal cells

Question 17

Glial cells that wrap / meylinate axons in peripheral nervous system

Answer 17

Schwann Cells

Question 18

By age ____, ___% of synaptic conniptions are made

Answer 18

3, 80%

Question 19

After being cut in an injury or during surgery, the distal myelin sheath of a neuron shrinks and disintegrates.

Answer 19

Wallerian degeneration, PNS

can sometimes regenerate via Schwann cells

Question 20

Most common synaptic neurontransmitters

Answer 20

Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
Histamine
GABA
Serotonin

Question 21

What happens at the postsynaptic neuron if the neurotransmitter is excitatory?

Answer 21

It DEPOLARIZES&raquo_space; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials

Question 22

What happens at the postsynaptic neuron of the neurotransmitter is inhibitory?

Answer 22

It HYPERPOLARIZES&raquo_space; Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials

Question 23

Neurotransmitters - synthesized …?

Answer 23

Presynaptic neuron

Question 24

Neurotransmitters - stored…?

Answer 24

Vesicle of presynaptic

Question 25

What happens to neurotransmitters if they leak from vesicles?

Answer 25

THEY ARE DESTROYED

Question 26

All of the synaptic neurotransmitters are excitatory EXCEPT

Answer 26

GABA Glycine

Question 27

ALWAYS the first signaler on efferent pathways to the peripheral nervous system.

Answer 27

Acetylcholine

Question 28

After being sent into the synapse, acetylcholine gets broken down back into_____ by _____

Answer 28

AcCoA and Choline Acetylcholinesterase

Question 29

Steps of neurotransmitter release

Answer 29

Action potential travels down to presynaptic terminal > Activates voltage gate Ca+ channels to open for Ca+ to rush in @ terminal > Causes vesicles to fuse w presynaptic membrane and purge neurotransmitters across synaptic gap > Neurotransmitters bind w postsynaptic receptors and cause ESPS or ISPS (depolarizes or hyperpolarizes)

Question 30

3 Catecholamines

Answer 30

Epinephrine Norepinephrine Dopamine

Question 31

Catecholamines made from what amino acid

Answer 31

Tyrosine

Question 32

What destroys leftover catecholamines?

Answer 32

MAO

Question 33

What is serotonin made from

Answer 33

Tryptophan (essential! amino acid)

Question 34

Which neurotransmitter is more of a "modulator" bc it's a little slower and usually has another transmitter released with it?

Answer 34

Serotonin

Question 35

Serotonin is ______ in muscle pathways and _____ in sensory pathways?

Answer 35

Excitatory Inhibitory

Question 36

Unlike other transmitters, these are made in the cell body, put into vesicles, and transported all the way down the axon for release.

Answer 36

Endogenous Opioids (oxytocin)

Question 37

Runner’s high, firewalking and the like have been attributed to which neurotransmitters

Answer 37

endogenous opioids

Question 38

During depolarization, _______ floods into a cell while ____ rushes out

Answer 38

Na+ in K+ out

Question 39

Which neurotransmitter always acts on skeletal muscles in the somatic NS

Answer 39

Acetylcholine

Question 40

Hindbrain includes

Answer 40

Cerebellum, pons, medulla

Question 41

Midbrain includes

Answer 41

Tegmentum and cerebral peduncles

Question 42

Area of brain that is responsible for planning out and mapping motor movements and inhibiting excess movement

Answer 42

Premotor cortex

Question 43

Area of brain that is responsible for conveying actual movement to be made down to motor neuron

Answer 43

Primary motor cortex

Question 44

"Touch" and "Sense integration" area of brain

Answer 44

Parietal

Question 45

Damage to this area is characterized by IPSILATERAL loss of equilibrium, balance, and motor coordination

Answer 45

Cerebellum

Question 46

Centers for cough, gag, swallow, sneeze, and vomit. Cardiac Center. Respiratory Cente

Answer 46

Medulla Oblongata

Question 47

lies above the medulla, and is so named because many axons cross sides within this region of the hindbrain

Answer 47

Pons

Question 48

Relays Sensory Information Between the Cerebrum and Cerebellum

Answer 48

Pons

Question 49

Several motor pathways cross here, so that each half of the brain controls the opposite side of the body

Answer 49

Midbrain

Question 50

Contains the reticular formation, which houses basic life support systems

Answer 50

Midbrain

Question 51

The bottom portion contains nuclei for cranial nerves III and IV (part of it)

Answer 51

Midbrain

Question 52

The Substania Nigra is found here. It is a large nucleus involved in movement

Answer 52

Midbrain

Question 53

A large mass of gray matter deeply situated in the forebrain. There is one on either side of the midline Functions:

Answer 53

Thalamus

Question 54

It relays information to the cerebral cortex that it receives from diverse brain regions– the 'last stop' for associative information going to cortex

Answer 54

Thalamus

Question 55

Axons from every sensory system (except olfaction) synapse here as the last relay site before the information reaches the cerebral cortex

Answer 55

Thalamus

Question 56

Regulation of sex hormones, blood pressure, body temperature, water balance, respiration, and food intake, while it also plays a role in regulating complex moods, such as anger, placidity, and fatigue.

Answer 56

Hypothalamus

Question 57

"movement control" area

Answer 57

Basal Ganglia