Basic Principles and Boring Stuff

Question 1

Anatomic Pathology

Answer 1

Histopathology

Question 2

Clinical Pathology 6

Answer 2

Serology
Microbiology
Clinical Chemistry
Hematology
Clinical Microscopy
Blood Bank

Question 3

Concerned with the analysis of biochemical byproducts in biological fluids

Answer 3

Clinical Chemistry Laboratory

Question 4

Pure Blood Chemistry

Answer 4

Lipids, Carbohydrates and Protein

Question 5

Enzymology

Answer 5

Enzymes

Question 6

Endocrinology

Answer 6

Hormones

Question 7

Toxicology

Answer 7

Drugs of abuse, Heavy metals, Poison, etc.

Question 8

Units of Measure: Components of quantitative laboratory results 2

Answer 8

Number

Unit (based on the SI system)

Question 9

Quantitative laboratory results

2

Answer 9

1 Substance concentration
e.g, moles
2 Mass of substance
e.g., mg/dL, g/dL, g/L, mEq/L, and IU

Question 10

Reagents 3

Answer 10

Chemicals
Reference Materials
Water Specifications

Question 11

Chemicals 5

Answer 11

Analytical Grade (AR)

Ultrapure Reagent

Chemically pure (CP)

United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and National Formulary (NF) Grade

Technical or commercial grade

Question 12

Suitable for most analytic procedures

Carry designations as AR or ACS and For Laboratory Use or ACS standard-Grade Reference materials

Answer 12

ANALYTICAL GRADE (AR)

Question 13

Suitable for techniques that require extremely pure chemicals (e.g. AAS, EIA, MDx)
Carry designations of HPLC or chromatographic

Answer 13

Ultrapure chemicals

Question 14

Impurity limitations are not stated
Preparation is not uniform
Not recommended for clinical laboratories.

Answer 14

Chemically pure (CP)

Question 15

Used to manufacture drugs

Purity standards are based on the criterion of not being injurious to man.

Answer 15

USP and NF Grade

Question 16

Reference Materials 2

Answer 16

1Primary standard
Substance of exact known concentration and purity.

2Secondary standard
Substance of lower purity with concentration determined by comparison with a primary standard.

Question 17

Substance of exact known concentration and purity.

Answer 17

Primary standard

Question 18

Substance of lower purity with concentration determined by comparison with a primary standard.

Answer 18

Secondary standard

Question 19

Water Specifications 5

Answer 19

Distilled water
Deionized water
Reverse Osmosis (RO) water
Ultrafiltration and nanofiltered water
Reagent grade water

Question 20

Obtained by initial filter, followed by RO, deionization and a 0.2 mm filter.

Answer 20

Reagent grade water

Question 21

For test methods requiring minimum interference
trace metal analysis by FES and AAS
Gas, pH, enzyme and electrolyte analysis

Answer 21

Type I water

Question 22

For analytical preparations

reagent, QC and standard preparation

Answer 22

Type II water

Question 23

Glassware washing

Answer 23

Type III/autoclave wash water

Question 24

Warming components is necessary for analytical procedures and is accomplished by circulating water/ice baths or heating/cooling metal blocks.

Answer 24

Thermometers/Temperature

Question 25

Thermometers/Temperature 3

Answer 25

Liquid-in-glass Electronic thermometer or thermistor probe Digital thermometer

Question 26

Use of a colored liquid or mercury encased in plastic/glass material with a bulb at one end a graduated stem

Answer 26

Liquid-in-glass Partial Immersion (with bulb) Total Immersion Surface thermometer – for incubators or heating oven

Question 27

Fast reading with millisecond response time

Answer 27

Electronic thermometer or thermistor probe

Question 28

Glassware 6

Answer 28

``` Kimax® /Pyrex® (borosilicate) Corex® (aluminosilicate) High silica Vycor® (acid or alkali resistant) Low actinic (amber colored) Flint glass (lime soda) ```

Question 29

Plastic ware – are usually disposable lab supplies | 6 Example of commonly used resins:

Answer 29

``` Polystyrene Polyethylene Polypropylene Tygon® Telon® ```

Question 30

Laboratory vessels 3 3

Answer 30

Pipets Burets Syringes Class A volumetric flask Erlenmeyer flasks and Griffin beaker Graduated cylinder

Question 31

Calibrated to hold one exact of liquid (TC)

Answer 31

Class A volumetric flask

Question 32

Hold different volume | Used in reagent preparation

Answer 32

Erlenmeyer flasks and Griffin beaker

Question 33

Used to measure volumes of liquid

Answer 33

Graduated Cylinder

Question 34

Glass or plastic utensils used to transfer liquids

Answer 34

Pipets

Question 35

Classification of Pipet According to Design or Calibration Marks 2

Answer 35

``` To contain (TC) To deliver (TD) ```

Question 36

Used for viscous samples Uses mercury as calibrating medium Proper use requires rinsing of the pipet with the final solution after content are delivered into the diluent (rinsing technique)

Answer 36

To contain (TC)

Question 37

Used for non-viscous samples | Uses distilled water as calibrating medium

Answer 37

To Deliver (TD)

Question 38

with etched ring or two small, close continuous ring. The last drop of fluid need to be blown

Answer 38

Blowout pipet

Question 39

without marking. Drains completely.

Answer 39

Self-draining

Question 40

Classification of Pipet According to Use 4

Answer 40

Measuring or graduated pipets Volumetric or Transfer pipet Mechanical or Automatic pipet Micro pipet

Question 41

Graduated uniformly along its length | Designed to deliver any amount within its capacity

Answer 41

Measuring or graduated pipets

Question 42

Has graduation marks to the tip | Generally a blowout pipet

Answer 42

Serolic pipet

Question 43

No graduation marks to the tip | Self draining

Answer 43

Mohr Pipet

Question 44

Designed to transfer one volume

Answer 44

Transfer pipet

Question 45

For viscous fluids (blow out pipet)

Answer 45

Ostwald-Folin pipet

Question 46

For aqueous solutions (self draining)

Answer 46

Volumetric pipet

Question 47

No calibration marks | For transferring fluids without consideration of a specific volume

Answer 47

Pasteur pipets

Question 48

Automatic pipets 2

Answer 48

Micropet – deliver amount 1ml | Macropipet – deliver amount >1ml

Question 49

The piston moves in the tip and comes in contact with the liquid

Answer 49

Positive displacement

Question 50

The piston does not come in contact the liquid

Answer 50

Air displacement

Question 51

Used to transfer small volumes in blood gas analysis, chromatography or electrophoresis

Answer 51

Syringes

Question 52

Uses hygroscopic substance that take up water/moisture on exposure to air.

Answer 52

Desiccators and Desiccants

Question 53

Balances | 2

Answer 53

Electronic Top-loading balance | Analytical Balance

Question 54

used for knowing the mass of the test sample with greater quantity. Used for preparative experiments

Answer 54

Electronic Top-loading balance

Question 55

for preparation of primary standards With sliding transparent doors Measure exact mass but with lower capacities (operating ranges 0.01 mg to 160 g)

Answer 55

Analytical balance

Question 56

a process in which a centrifugal force is used to separate solid matter from a liquid suspension. Consist of head/rotor (attached to the shaft of the motor), carrier and shields.

Answer 56

Centrifugation

Question 57

The speed/centrifugal force is expressed by: | 2

Answer 57

Revolution per minute (RPM) | Relative centrifugal force (RCF) or gravities (g)

Question 58

Paper, cellulose, polyester fibers and column materials

Answer 58

Filtration