Lipids and Lipoproteins

Question 1

Class. of FA

Answer 1

esterified
unesterified

saturated
monosaturated
polyunsaturated

Question 2

Linear chains of C-H bonds that terminated with -COOH

Answer 2

FA

Question 3

Contain 3 FA attached to one molecule of glycerol
Contain saturated FA’s or unsaturated f=FA’s
No charged groups, water insoluble, neutral lipid

Answer 3

Trig

Question 4

Contain 2 FA’s attached to one molecule of glycerol
Third position contain phospholipid head groups
Amphipathic

Answer 4

Phospholipids

Question 5

Unsaturated steroid alcohol contain four rings
Amphipathic
Class.:
unesterified
esterified  cholesteryl ester (neutral lipid)
 free cholesterol (
amphipathic)

Answer 5

Choles

Question 6

Cholesterol

Converted to:

Answer 6

Bile salts
Steroid hormones
Vitamin D and Cell membrane

Question 7

Lipids and proteins

Answer 7

Free cholesterol and phospholipids are on the surface

Triglycerides and cholesteryl esters are in the core regions

Question 8

Lipoprotein Structure

Answer 8

Chylomicrons
VLDL
LDL
HDL

Question 9

Largest and least dense
Produced in the intestine
Delivery of dietary lipids to hepatic and peripheral cells

Answer 9

Chylomicrons

Question 10

Pre-β- lipoprotein
Produced in the Liver
Transfer triglycerides from the liver to peripheral tissue

Answer 10

Very Low Density Lipoproteins

Question 11

β-lipoprotein or bad cholesterol
Formed from lypolysis of VLDL to IDL then to LDL
Transfer dietery cholesterol to peripheral tissues

Answer 11

Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL)

Question 12

α-LPP or good cholesterol
Produced in the Liver and the Intestine
Transfer cholesterol from peripheral cells back to the liver

Answer 12

High Density Lipoproteins (HDL)

Question 13

Minor type

LDL lipoprotein like particle
↑ Confers increased risk for premature coronary heart disease and stroke.

Answer 13

Lipoprotein(a)

Question 14

Adult reference ranges for Lipids

Total cholesterol
HDL cholesterol
LDL cholesterol
Triglyceride

Answer 14

140-200 mg/dL
40-75 mg/dL
50-130 mg/dL
60-150

Question 15

Lipoprotein metabolism

Answer 15

Lipid Absorption
Exogenous Pathway
Endogenous Pathway
Reverse Cholesterol Transport Pathway

Question 16

compounds by Pancreatic Lipase

Conversion of dietary lipids into more polar (amphipathic)

Answer 16

Lipid Absorption

Triglyceride  Monoglycerides
Cholesterol esters  Free cholesterol
Phospholipids  Lysophospholipids

Question 17

Chylomicrons are synthesized in the intestine, carrying dietary lipids to the circulation
LPL hydrolyzes triglycerides in the chylomicrons into FA and glycerol
Reesterified for long term storage in the hepatic cells
Chylomicrons  Chylomicron remnant particles

Answer 17

Exogenous Pathway

Question 18

Triglycerides in the liver are packaged into VLDL, carrying lipids to the circulation
VLDL is converted into VLDL remnants by action of LPL and taken up by liver
Half of VLDL is transformed into LDL for delivery of exogenous cholesterol to peripheral cells.

Answer 18

Endogenous Pathway

Question 19

HDL remove excess cholesterol by delivering cholesterol to the liver

Answer 19

Reverse Cholesterol Transport Pathway

Question 20

Deposition of esterified cholesterol in artery walls
CAD  heart
PVD  arteries in arms/legs
CVD  vessels of the brain

Answer 20

Arteriosclerosis
Coronary Artery disease
Peripheral vascular disease
Cerebrovascular disease

Question 21

Hyperlipoproteinemia

Answer 21

Hypercholesterolenemia Hypertriglyceridemia Combined Hyperlipoprotenemia

Question 22

Hypercholesterolenemia

Hypertriglyceridemia

Combined Hyperlipoprotenemia

Answer 22

↑ Cholesterol
↑ LDL, ↓ receptors

Hypertriglyceridemia
↑ Triglycerides
↓ LPL or Apo C-II
VLDL -/VLDL remnants
Chylos -/  Chylos remnants

↑ Triglycerides, Cholesterol
↑VLDL and Chylos remnants
Presence of apo E2/2