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PTA Exam Study Guides > Basic Pt. Final > Flashcards

Basic Pt. Final Flashcards

1
Q

Process of how infection spreads:

A 
Reservoir (Host)
Exit (cough, sneeze, etc)
Transmission
Entry to another person
Infection
Susception
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2
Q

Standard Precautions

A

Assumes ALL blood, body fluids, excretions (minus sweat), secretions, open wounds, mucous etc contain infectious agents

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3
Q

Sepsis is?

A

Sepsis is a potentially life-threatening condition caused by the body’s response to an infection

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4
Q

Aseptic means?

A

“Clean” not Sterile

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5
Q

Syncope means?

A

temporary loss of consciousness (fainting) caused by a fall in blood pressure.

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6
Q

Bradycardia classified as what BPM?

A

less than 60 bpm

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7
Q

Tachycardia classified as what BPM?

A

more than 100 bpm

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8
Q

What is a Nosocomial aka HAI?

A

Healthcare associated infection, ie MRSA, C-diff, VRE

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9
Q

What is the average body temperature?

A

98.6 F

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10
Q

At what body temperature should therapy not be performed?

A

100 degrees F or higher

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11
Q

Name the sites for taking body temperature:

A

oral cavity, rectum (most accurate), axilla, ear canal, or temporal artery.

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12
Q

List normal pulse rate for adult, child, and newborn:

A

Adult : 60-100 bpm
Child (1 to 10): 70-130 bpm
Newborn: 100-150 bpm

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13
Q

List the sites of the body for taking pulse:

A

Temporal, Carotid (common), brachial, radial (common), femoral, popliteal, dorsal pedal, and posterior tibial

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14
Q

What is considered a normal pulse ox measurement?

A

95-100%

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15
Q

What are some factors that effect pulse ox measurement?

A 
Cold fingers
nail polish
artificial nails
long nails 
poor circulation
movement
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16
Q

Technically what is Systolic pressure measuring?

A

Contraction of the left ventricle

Kortocoff’s sound 1

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17
Q

What is diastolic pressure measuring?

A

The rest period of the heart between beats

Kortocoff’s sound 5

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18
Q

What is a normal RR for an adult and infant?

A

Adult: 12-18
infant: 30-50

19
Q

Alert =

A

Awake/attentive to normal stimuli

20
Q

Lethargic =

A

NOT CONFUSED, pt. arouses with stimuli

21
Q

Obtunded =

A

CONFUSED, needs constant stimuli, difficult to arouse

22
Q

Stupor (Semi-comatose) =

A

pt. unable to interact with clinician, only responds to strong noxious stimuli.

23
Q

Coma =

A

pt. can’t be aroused, may/may not have reflexes

24
Q

Delirium =

A

pt. behaves offensive, loud, talkative. Disorientation characterized by irritability, agitation, paranoia, hallucinations

25
Q

Dementia =

A

Alt. mental process secondary to org. disease that is not accompanied by change in arousal

26
Q

Cognition =

A

Process of knowing and includes both awareness & judgement. Cognitive testing includes; assess attn., orientation, memory, abstract thought, ability to perform calc. or construct figures, judgement

27
Q

What four thigs asses a pt.’s orientation and alertness

A

person- do they know their name
place- do they know where they are
time- what day of the week it is?
Situation-

28
Q

Name three mechanisms for medication to be delivered to pt.’s

A

IV-immediate response, 15-20 seconds or so but only lasts 10-15 min – 1 hr;
IM- takes effect in 20-30 min or so and lasts up to 4 hr;
Orally- slow response, begins to take effect in 30-45 min and will last 4-6 hrs

29
Q

What is the purpose of draping?

A
  • expose area to be treated
  • provide modesty
  • maintain comfortable body temp
  • protect skin and clothing
30
Q

What is the purpose of changing positions?

A
  • prevent contractures
  • relieve pressure to skin
  • relieve pressure to subcutaneous tissue
  • relieve pressure to organ systems
31
Q

how often should a pt.s position be changed?

A

30 min to 2 hours

32
Q

transfemoral amputation avoid?

A

avoid hip flexion

33
Q

transtibial amputations avoid what?

A

avoid knee flexion

34
Q

What are righting reactions?

A

responsible for orienting our head in space and keeping our eyes and mouth horizontal. It occurs when our center of balance is shifted; we correct (or right) our head and trunk when we get off balance

35
Q

Romberg Test

A

Pt stands w/feet together, eyes open unaided for 20-30 seconds. If pt. becomes unstable or sways, test is over. If pt. is ok, then he is asked to close his eyes.

36
Q

Timed up and go

A

10’ Healthy adults can complete the test in less than 10 seconds

37
Q

Berg balance scale

A

Consist 14 functional everyday tasks

38
Q

What is the Valsalva maneuver?

A

pt. holds their breath while performing physical activity

39
Q

Best lift to use for getting stuff out of the vehicle?

A

straight leg lift

40
Q

Levels of Assistance

A

Minimal asst – pt performs 75% or more of the activity (you are doing 25 % of the work)
Moderate asst – pt performs 50-74% of the activity (you are doing half the work)
Maximum asst – pt performs 25-49% of the activity (you are doing almost all the work)
Dependent (Total) asst – pt is not able to assist with the activity at all (you are doing ALL the work) and/or you need additional assist from someone else or equipment to complete the task

41
Q

What is a Modified Independent level of assistance?

A

pt can perform an activity without physical assistance from you but requires an assistive device or adaptive equipment (ie. walker, bed rail, grab bars, furniture)

42
Q

Describe the levels of assistance starting with minimal:

A

Minimal asst – pt performs 75% or more of the activity (you are doing 25 % of the work)
Moderate asst – pt performs 50-74% of the activity (you are doing half the work)
Maximum asst – pt performs 25-49% of the activity (you are doing almost all the work)
Dependent (Total) asst – pt is not able to assist with the activity at all (you are doing ALL the work) and/or you need additional assist from someone else or equipment to complete the task

43
Q

What are the total hip precautions?

A

usually avoid hip adduction, flexion more than 90 degrees, internal rotation

44
Q

What are the low back trauma or discomfort precautions?

A

acronym is no BLT w/pickles (no bending, lifting, twisting, or pulling)

PTA Exam Study Guides (8 decks)

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