Functional Anatomy Final

Question 1

What does ventral mean?

Answer 1

pertaining to the belly or anterior

Question 2

What does caudal mean?

Answer 2

tail or closer to the feel

Question 3

Hip extension takes place in what plane and along what axis?

Answer 3

sagittal and along a frontal axis

Question 4

What bony structure is at the end of long bones?

Answer 4

epiphysis

Question 5

The main shaft of the bone is called what?

Answer 5

diaphysis (made of mostly compact bone for strength)

Question 6

On bones what serves as the attachment point for ligaments and tendons?

Answer 6

Periosteum

Question 7

What is an example of a synarthrosis joint?

Answer 7

Bones in the skull (no motion)

Question 8

What is an example of a syndesmosis joint?

Answer 8

distal tibiofibular (slightly moveable)

Question 9

Example of a gomphosis joint?

Answer 9

teeth in mandible (no motion)

Question 10

What is an example of a amphiarthrosis joint?

Answer 10

symphysis pubis, vertebrae (little movement)

Question 11

What is an example of a diarthrosis joint?

Answer 11

Hip, elbow, knee (freely moveable)

Question 12

Give two examples of a uniaxial hinge joint:

Answer 12

Elbow and knee

Question 13

Give two examples of a uniaxial pivot joint:

Answer 13

Atlas/axis, radius/ulna

Question 14

Give two examples of a triaxial ball and socket joint

Answer 14

Hip and shoulder

Question 15

Give two example s of non-axial joints

Answer 15

carpals and the SI joint

Question 16

When you injure a ligament it is called at s…..

Answer 16

sprain

Question 17

When you injure a muscle it is called a s…

Answer 17

strain

Question 18

Give examples of bony end feel

Answer 18

elbow extension, radial deviation, pronation

Question 19

Give examples of soft end feel

Answer 19

elbow flexion, hip flexion, knee flexion

Question 20

Give examples of firm end feel

Answer 20

All of shoulder motions
Hip extension-firm 
Hip abduction- firm
Hip internal rotation- firm
Hip external rotation- firm 
Knee extension- firm
Plantarflexion- firm
Dorsiflexion-firm
Wrist flexion- firm
Wrist extension- firm 
Wrist ulnar deviation-firm

Question 21

How is a first class lever oriented and give an example of one in the body.

Answer 21

FAR

Example: neck flexion or neck extension

Question 22

How is a second class lever oriented? Give an example in the body.

Answer 22

FRA

Example: plantar flexion at the ankle

Question 23

How is a third class lever oriented? Give an example in the body.

Answer 23

AFR

Example: elbow flexion with biceps brachii

Question 24

Which bony landmark and muscle act as a pulley in the body?

Answer 24

Lateral malleolus and the fibularis longus

Question 25

CNS consists of

Answer 25

brain and spinal cord

Question 26

PNS consists of

Answer 26

nerves and ganglia

Question 27

What is the thalamus responsible for?

Answer 27

relay station for body sensation. location of pain perception.

Question 28

What does the hypothalamus do?

Answer 28

hormone function and behavior control.

Question 29

Basil ganglia is responsible for?

Answer 29

coordination and motor movement

Question 30

Automatic control over respiration and HR describes what part of the brain?

Answer 30

medulla oblangata

Question 31

Cerebellum controls what?

Answer 31

muscle coordination, tone, and posture

Question 32

The anterior sternoclavicular ligament prevents what motion?

Answer 32

It prevents posterior motion

Question 33

The costoclavicular ligament limits what motion?

Answer 33

Clavicle elevation

Question 34

The interclavicular ligament limits what motion?

Answer 34

Clavicle depression

Question 35

Which ligament forms an arch over the humerus?

Answer 35

coracoacromial ligament

Question 36

Scapular winging is characterized by what?

Answer 36

weakness of the serratus anterior, long thoracic never, (C5, C6, C7)

Question 37

What is scapulohumeral rhythm?

Answer 37

First 30 degrees of movement is GH them after that the ratio is 2 to 1 scapula movement.

Question 38

``` The pec minor does not perform what action? scap depression scap tilt retraction downward rotation ```

Answer 38

Does not perform retraction

Question 39

What muscles are involved in reverse muscle action crutch walking?

Answer 39

Lat dorsi and pec minor

Question 40

What GH motion do you do mostly for functional activities?

Answer 40

scaption

Question 41

What is the close-packed position for the GH joint? | What is the loose-packed position for the GH joint?

Answer 41

closed-90 degrees abduction and full lateral rotation | open-55 degrees abduction 30 degreed horizontal adduction

Question 42

T or F the ulna rotates around the radius?

Answer 42

False the radius rotates around the ulna

Question 43

What is a normal carrying angle for men and women?

Answer 43

-5 degrees in men -10-15 degrees in women The medial trochlea is longer that the lateral capitulum

Question 44

Which of these muscles is innervated by the radial nerve? - Brachialis - Biceps brachii - Brachioradialis - pec major

Answer 44

Brachioradialis

Question 45

All wrist flexor muscles originate on what bony structure?

Answer 45

Medial epicondyle of humerus. All innervated by the median nerve

Question 46

All wrist extensors originate on what bony structure?

Answer 46

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus or supracondylar ridge. innervated by the radial nerve.

Question 47

What is a colles fracture?

Answer 47

transverse fracture in the distal radius (usually foosh)

Question 48

Dorsal and palmar interossei action and are innervated by what nerve?

Answer 48

Dorsal- Finger abduction Palmar- finger adduction Ulnar C8, T1

Question 49

cervical plexus includes which nerves?

Answer 49

C1-C4

Question 50

Brachial plexus includes which nerves?

Answer 50

C5-T1

Question 51

Lumbar plexus includes what nerves?

Answer 51

L1-L4

Question 52

Function of the external intercostals during inspiration?

Answer 52

Elevate the ribs during inspiration

Question 53

Function of the internal intercostals during expiration?

Answer 53

Depress the ribs during expiration.

Question 54

Describe the process of inspiration:

Answer 54

The diaphragm(phrenic nerve (C3,C4, C5) contracts downward and the volume of the lungs increase which decreases the air pressure inside. Therefore, air flows into the lungs. External intercostals elevate the ribs to assist

Question 55

What TMJ muscle has an attachment point on the articular disk

Answer 55

Lateral pterygoid

Question 56

Write two informative statements about each component of stance phase:

Answer 56

initial contact- ankle is in neutral position, and the hip is in 25 degrees flexion Loading response- during loading response, the entire foot is on the ground and the knee moves into 20 degrees flexion. Midstance- During midstance, the body weight passes over the WB foot. the pelvis is in neutral position. Terminal stance- the heel rises of the floor as the ankle goes from DF to PF. The leg is behind the body. Preswing- during preswing the ankle is is plantar flexion and the ipsilateral arm is forward.

Question 57

What is a Q angle?

Answer 57

the angle between the quads and the patella

Question 58

With valgus forces acting on the knee, what ligament is likely to get injured?

Answer 58

MCL

Question 59

With varus forces acting on the knee, what ligament is likely to get injured?

Answer 59

LCL

Question 60

What is the terrible traid?

Answer 60

Simultaneous tear of the ACL, MCL, and the medial meniscus.

Question 61

What forms the medial longitudinal arch?

Answer 61

calcaneus, talus, navicular, three cuneiforms, and the first three metatarsals.

Question 62

What forms the lateral longitudinal arch?

Answer 62

calcaneus, cuboid, and the fourth and fifth metatarsals

Question 63

What forms the transverse arch?

Answer 63

Cuboid, and all three cuneiforms

Question 64

What nerve innervates the lateral muscle group of the ankle?

Answer 64

superficial peroneal nerve

Question 65

What nerve innervates the muscles of the anterior group of the lower leg

Answer 65

deep peroneal nerve