Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anaesthetic FRCA Primary > Basic Sciences - Anatomy of Airway > Flashcards

Basic Sciences - Anatomy of Airway Flashcards

1
Q

Formal name for ‘pillars of the fauces’ in mouth

A

Palatoglossal arch (anterior)
Palatopharyngeal arch (posterior)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Functions of nasal passage / nasopharynx

A

Warm air
Humidify air
Filter inspired air
Olfaction
Speech resonation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Nasal cavity epithelium

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
(respiratory mucosa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Bones which form the hard palate

A

Palatine process of the maxilla
Horizontal part of the palatine bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Afferent nerve for gag reflex

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Efferent nerve for gag reflex

A

Vagus nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Components of the pharynx

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Lateral recesses either side of larynx

A

Piriform fossae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Adenoids definition

A

Collection of lymphoid tissue on roof and posterior wall of pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Adenoids age group

A

Develop in early childhood
Regress at puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sensory supply to the tonsils

A

Branches of:
- Glossopharyngeal
- Maxillary
- Mandibular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Tonsillar anaesthesia technique

A

Infiltration of analgesia into tonsillar bed is more effective than nerve blockade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Swallowing reflexes to prevent aspiration

A
  • Closure of the laryngeal sphincter
  • Upward movement of the larynx behind the base of the tongue
  • Reflex inhibition of breathing and channelling of liquid or food laterally by the epiglottis into the piriform fossae
  • Epiglottis may also act as a ‘lid’ to the larynx to prevent substances entering the trachea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Articulating cartilages forming larynx

A

Thyroid
Cricoid
Epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Paired cartilages forming larynx

A

Arytenoid
Corniculate
Cuneiform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Formal name for false vocal cords

A

Vestibular folds
Superior to true vocal cords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Formal name for true vocal cords

A

Vocal folds
Inferior to false vocal cords

18
Q

Gap between vocal cords

A

Rima glottidis (aka ‘the glottis’)
Narrowest part of the airway

19
Q

Space above epiglottis where tip of laryngoscope is placed

A

Vallecula

20
Q

Name of posterior ‘nodules’ visible at posterior aspect of larynx

A

Arytenoid complex

21
Q

Muscle groups of the larynx

A

Extrinsic
Intrinsic

22
Q

Functions of extrinsic muscles of the larynx

A

Work with other muscles attached to the hyoid to move the larynx up and down during swallowing

23
Q

Functions of intrinsic muscles of larynx

A

Move vocal cords

24
Q

Diagram of intrinsic muscles of larynx

A
25
Q

Function of posterior cricoarytenoids muscles

A

Abduct vocal cords on inspiration
Pulls posterior ends of arytenoid cartilages together medially to achieve abduction

26
Q

Function of lateral cricoarytenoids muscles

A

Adduct vocal cords to close them

27
Q

Function of aryepiglottics and thyroepilottics muscles

A

Laryngeal sphincters
Close the laryngeal inlet during swallowing

28
Q

Function of cricothyroid muscles

A

Tensors of the cords
Act by tilting the cricoid cartilage on the thyroid cartilage

29
Q

Function of the thyroarytenoids muscles and vocalis muscles

A

Relax the vocal cords
Vocalis muscle responsible for fine adjustment of the cords

30
Q

Nerve supply to the larynx

A
31
Q

Sensory supply to larynx

A

Superior laryngeal nerve - internal laryngeal nerve branch superior to vocal cords

Recurrent laryngeal nerve inferior to vocal cords

32
Q

Motor supply to larynx

A

Superior laryngeal nerve - external laryngeal branch supply to cricothyroid muscle

Recurrent laryngeal nerve to all intrinsic muscles of larynx except cricothyroid muscle

33
Q

Path of right recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

Passes under right subclavian artery to ascend to larynx

34
Q

Path of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

Passes under the aortic arch to ascend to the larynx

35
Q

Symptoms of damage to superior laryngeal nerve damage

A

Temporary hoarse voice due to loss of cricothyroid muscle function - muscle on other side compensates

Increased aspiration risk due to loss of sensation above cords

36
Q

Symptoms of Unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve damage

A

Hoarse voice with potential partial compensation from other side

Glottis cannot close tightly so cannot generate positive intrathoracic pressure to cough effectively

Aspiration risk - loss of infraglottic sensation

37
Q

Symptoms of Bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve damage

A

Bilateral vocal cord palsy
Severe respiratory distress
Stridor as flaccid vocal cords flap together

38
Q

Management of Bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy

A

Urgent intubation acutely
Tracheostomy likely to follow

39
Q

Why cricothyroidotomy should only be used as temporary airway

A

Vocal cords in close proximity and may be damaged

Risk of subglottic stenosis

40
Q

Approximate vertebral level of larynx

A

C4-C6
Cricoid cartilage ~ C6

Anaesthetic FRCA Primary (48 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions