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Anaesthetic FRCA Primary > Basic Sciences - Anatomy of Heart and Major Vessels > Flashcards

Basic Sciences - Anatomy of Heart and Major Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

Layers of the pericardium

A

Fibrous
Parietal
Visceral

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2
Q

Attachments of the fibrous pericardium

A

Great vessels
Posterior aspect of sternum
Central tendon of diaphragm

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3
Q

3 cusps of the tricuspid valve

A

Septal
Inferior
Anterior

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4
Q

Attachments of tricuspid valve

A

Attached to fibrous atrioventricular ring

Free edges and inferior surfaces attached by chordae tendinae to papillary muscles to RV wall

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5
Q

Lining of right ventricle

A

Trabeculated muscle

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6
Q

Infundibulum definition

A

Smooth wall right ventricle outflow tract (RVOT)

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7
Q

Leaflets of mitral valve

A

Anterior
Posterior

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8
Q

Area of left ventricle which does not have prominent trabeculae

A

LVOT
(Left ventricular outflow tract)

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9
Q

Conduction pathways of the heart

A

Internodal tracts exist bit conduction through atria is normally non specific but synchronous

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10
Q

Most common vascular supply to sinoatrial node

A

Right coronary artery (in 65% of people)

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11
Q

Most common vascular supply to atrioventricular node

A

Right coronary artery (in 80% of people)

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12
Q

Path of right coronary artery

A

Arises from anterior aortic sinus
Descends in atriventricular groove
Reaches posterior interventricular groove
Right marginal artery arises from RCA

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13
Q

Source of left coronary arteries

A

Arises from left posterior aortic sinus

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14
Q

Branches of Left coronary artery

A

LAD (Left anterior descending artery)
Circumflex

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15
Q

Branches from LAD artery

A

Diagonal branches
Septal perforating branches

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16
Q

Branches of circumflex artery

A

Obtuse marginal arteries

17
Q

Areas supplied by LAD artery

A

Anterior aspects of both ventricles
Anterior 2/3rds of ventricular septum

18
Q

Posterior descending artery ‘right dominance’ definition and percentage

A

Posterior descending artery arises from RCA
85% of people

19
Q

Posterior descending artery ‘left dominance’ definition and percentage

A

Posterior descending artery arises from circumflex artery
15% of people

20
Q

Path of posterior descending artery

A

Posterior interventricular groove

21
Q

Coronary vein drainage

A

75% drain to RA via coronary sinus
Anterior cardiac veins drain anterior part of RV directly into RA

22
Q

Principle tributaries to the coronary sinus

A

Great LV cardiac veins
Small LV cardiac veins
Middle LV cardiac veins
Posterior LV cardiac veins

23
Q

Thebesian veins

A

Small veins which drain directly into the cardiac chambers

24
Q

Source of parasympathetic fibres to SA and AV nodes

A

Vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerve branches via deep and superficial cardiac plexuses

25
Q

Parasympathetic effects on heart

A

Decreased heart rate
Decreases force of contraction
Constricts coronary arteries
Dilates systemic arteries

26
Q

Source of sympathetic fibres to SA and AV nodes

A

Lateral horns of T1-T4 spinal cord
Post ganglionic fibres arise from the 3 cervical ganglia and upper thoracic sympathetic ganglia

27
Q

Sympathetic effects on heart

A

Increases heart rate
Increases force of contraction
Dilates coronary arteries
Constricts systemic arteries

28
Q

Location of carotid sheath

A

Deep to sternocleidomastoid muscle

29
Q

Contents of carotid sheath

A

Internal / Common carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
Vagus nerve

30
Q

Femoral triangle

A
31
Q

Venous system of the arm

A
32
Q

Site of PICC line insertion

A

Basilic vein or Median cubital vein

33
Q

Why Cephalic vein not used for PICC line insertion

A

As cephalic vein joins axillary vein, there is a valve and an acute angle

Makes insertion technically difficult

34
Q

Locations for arterial cannulation and reasoning why

A

Radial artery or Dorsalis Pedis artery (as both have collateral flow)

Can us femoral artery or axillary artery (as they are large calibre end arteries)

35
Q

Which artery to avoid in arterial cannulation and why

A

Brachial artery

Lacks collateral flow and is not a large calibre end artery

36
Q
A

Anaesthetic FRCA Primary (48 decks)

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