Basics

Question 1

initial treatment of cirrhotic ascites

Answer 1

restriction of sodium intake to 2 g/d

Question 2

persistence of ascites despite sodium restriction and maximal (or maximally tolerated) diuretic use

Answer 2

refractory cirrhotic ascites

Question 3

Mgt refractory ascites

Answer 3

serial large volume paracentesis (LVP)

transjugular intrahepatic peritoneal shunt (TIPS)

Question 4

SBP is defined by a polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) count of____

Answer 4

250/mm3

Question 5

gas normally contained in N small intestine

Answer 5

200 ml

Question 6

An abdominal ultrasound can detect as little as ______ of ascites

Answer 6

100 mL

Question 7

Pathogenesis in the Absence of Cirrhosis

Answer 7

peritoneal carcinomatosis, peritoneal infection, or pancreatic disease

Question 8

diarrhoea diminished absorption of one or more dietary nutrients

Answer 8

osmotic diarrhea

Question 9

diarrhea that is due to small- and/or large-intestinal fluid and electrolyte secretion

Answer 9

secretory diarrhea

Question 10

stool osmotic gap

Answer 10

2 x (stool [Na+] + stool [K+])  stool osmolality
presence of a significant osmotic gap suggests the presence in stool water of a substance (or substances) other than Na/K anions that is presumably responsible for the patient's diarrhea

Question 11

stool osmotic gap high

Answer 11

> 50

Question 12

diarrhea, a result of bile acids in the colon stimulating active Cl secretion

Answer 12

bile acid diarrhea, or choleretic enteropathy

Rx: cholestyramine

Question 13

greater degrees of ileal disease and/or resection
>20 g steatorrhea
no response to cholestyramine

Answer 13

fatty acid diarrhea

Question 14

a defect in neutral amino acid transport, is characterized by a pellagra-like rash and neuropsychiatric symptoms

Answer 14

Hartnup syndrome

Question 15

defect in dibasic amino acid transport, is associated with renal calculi and chronic pancreatitis

Answer 15

Cystinuria

Question 16

due to an absence of the brush border enzyme that converts the proenzyme trypsinogen to trypsin and is associated with diarrhea, growth retardation, and hypoproteinemia

Answer 16

Enterokinase deficiency

Question 17

Establishing the presence of steatorrhea

gold standard

Answer 17

timed, quantitative stool fat determination

Question 18

This test is performed to determine the cause of cobalamin malabsorption

Answer 18

THE SCHILLING TEST

Question 19

test for carbohydrate absorption provides an assessment of proximal small-intestinal mucosal function.

Answer 19

URINARY D-XYLOSE TEST

Question 20

characterized by a normal mucosal appearance except for the presence of mucosal absorptive cells that contain lipid postprandially and disappear following a prolonged period of either fat-free intake or fasting

Answer 20

Abetalipoproteinemia