Basics and Reactions Flashcards
Enzyme uses Cooper (Cu) cofactor
Cytochrome C Oxidase - Accept electrons from cytochrome-c in the electron transport
Enzyme that uses Zinc (Zn) and Cooper (Cu)
Superoxide dismutase - antioxidant - binds the free ROS and RNS
Cytochrome C Oxidase cofactor and function
Accepts electrons from Cytochrome-C in the ETC
Uses Cooper (Cu) as a cofactor
What cofactor does Superoxide Dismutase require?
Cooper and Zinc
Enzyme that uses Iron (Fe) as a cofactor
Heme - helps bind O2 for transport
What cofactor is needed for Heme?
Iron
Enzyme the need Magnesium (Mg) as a cofactor
ATPase - hydrolyzes ATP to ADP and uses released energy to do mechanical energy
What cofactors do ATPase require?
Magnesium
Enzyme that needs Selenium (Se) cofactor
Glutathione peroxidase (antioxidant) - detoxifies H2O2
What cofactor does glutathione peroxidase need?
Serine
Explain action of Gastric Proton Pump
Proton pump (H+/K+ ATPase) pumps H+ out into the stomach and K+ comes into the parietal cells
Competitive Inhibition
Resembles substrate
No effect on Vmax
Increase Km (increases the amount of substratae required to reach 1/2Vmax
Noncompetitive Inhibition
Binds to an allosteric binding site
Can bind to ES complex and enzyme
Adding substrate can not overcome enzyme
Vmax - lowered
Km - unchanged (binding affinity is not effected)
Uncompetitive Inhibitor
Binds to ES-complex
Vmax lowered
Km lowered by the same factor
Chelating Agents
Substances that have a higher binding affinity and allows the metal ions to bind and be excreated
Ex. EDTA is used for lead poisoning
Lead diplaces Ca2+ in enzymes needed for biosynthesis
Isozymes
Same catalytic function
Can be used for biomarkers
Main BioMarker for Myocardial Infarction
cTn-1
Cardiac muscle troponin has 3 subunits and skeletal muscle troponin has 2 subunits
