basics, anemias, coagulation

Question 1

human HSC surface markers

Answer 1

Lin- Kit+ CD34+

Question 2

cyclic neutropenia mutation

Answer 2

• inherited mutation in neutrophil elastase

Question 3

____ Tpo stimulates platelet production.

Answer 3

• high

Question 4

blood cell development takes place ____.

Answer 4

• near endosteum and near vascular spaces

Question 5

Epo clinical use

Answer 5

• anemia of chronic kidney failure

- chemo-induced anemia

Question 6

Tpo clinical use

Answer 6

• ITP

- chemo-induced thrombocytopenia

Question 7

G-CSF clinical use

Answer 7

• chemo-induced neutropenia

- aplastic anemia

Question 8

CM-CSF clinical use

Answer 8

• chemo-induced neutropenia

Question 9

cytopenia should prompt ____.

Answer 9

• a bone marrow biopsy

Question 10

active bone marrow in adults

Answer 10

• spine, pelvis, sternum, ribs, skull

Question 11

bone marrow aspiration uses

Answer 11

• morphology
• differential count
• histochemical stain
• cytogenetic
• flow cytometry
• culture

Question 12

bone marrow core biopsy uses

Answer 12

• cellularity/architecture
• IHC staining
• abnormal cell population and pattern

Question 13

normal myeloid: erythroid ratio

Answer 13

• 3:1

Question 14

congenital aplastic anemia

Answer 14

• fanconia anemia
• schwachman-diamond
• dyskeratosis congenita
• amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia
• cyclic neutropenia

Question 15

acquired aplastic anemia

Answer 15

• unknown
• radiation
• toxins/chemicals
• drugs
• autoimmune disease
• lymphoid malignancy
• pregnancy
• virus
• PNH
• metastatic disease to marrow

Question 16

paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Answer 16

• CD55 and CD59 not expressed = compliment lysis

- flow cytometry diagnosis

Question 17

aplastic anemia is caused by:

Answer 17

• immune mediated stem cell suppression

- stem cell damage/loss

Question 18

aplastic anemia treatment: immune suppression caused

Answer 18

• anti-thymocyte globulin, cyclosporine A, corticosteroids

Question 19

aplastic anemia treatment: sc damage caused

Answer 19

• stem cell transplantation with radiation and chemo can cure

Question 20

band cells

Answer 20

• one step before mature granulocytes

- neutrophilic bands increase with acute bacterial infection

Question 21

eosinophils are associated with which cancer?

Answer 21

• Hodgkins

Question 22

> 5-10% basophils indicates what?

Answer 22

• CML

Question 23

toxic granulation

Answer 23

• dark azurophilic granules seen with infection or G-CSF

Question 24

Dohle bodies

Answer 24

• cytoplasmic inclusions and ribosome rich ER seen in sepsis or G-CSF use

Question 25

Pelger-Huet anomaly

Answer 25

- bilobed nucleus - hereditary = benign - acquired = MDS

Question 26

increased monocytes are seen with

Answer 26

- chronic infection - chronic inflammation - chronic neutropenia - neutropenia recovery - preleukemia - MPS

Question 27

decreased monocytes are seen with

Answer 27

- BM failure - corticosteroids - myelosuppression

Question 28

O2 independent killing mechanisms

Answer 28

- cationic proteins - lysozyme - lactoferrin - proteolytic hydrolytic enzymes

Question 29

respiratory burst

Answer 29

- G6P - superoxide dismutase - myeloperoxidase - catalase - cytochrome

Question 30

leukocytosis

Answer 30

- increased WBC

Question 31

myeloperoxidase deficiency

Answer 31

- usually partial | - respiratory burst affected but H2O2 sufficient

Question 32

Chediak-Higashi syndrome

Answer 32

- failure of phagolysosome formation - neutropenia - skin infections, giant lysosomes, albinism

Question 33

specific granule deficiency

Answer 33

- absence of specific granules | - affects skin, ears, sinopulmonary

Question 34

Hyper IgE/Job's

Answer 34

- defect in chemotaxis - increased IgE - recurrent skin and pulmonary infections

Question 35

chronic granulomatous disease

Answer 35

- defect in respiratory burst enzyme complex (NADPH oxidase) - decreased H2O2 production - cannot kill catalase+ microbes - nitroblue-tetrazolium test is negative - x-linked - hepatosplenomegaly

Question 36

leukemoid reaction

Answer 36

- increase in WBC count due to infection or disease