Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Microbiology pt.1 > Basics of Mibi > Flashcards

Basics of Mibi Flashcards

(59 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Classification of organisms

A
  • integral part of systematics

- divide organisms into taxa on basis of their common characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Systematic

A
  • grouping organisms

classfication acc. to certain characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

five kingdom system

A
  • monera → bacteria
  • protista
  • fungi
  • plantae
  • animalia → humans

→ viruses (covered by protein) → non-living

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

three-domain-system

A
  • archaea → bacterial cells, no nucleus, different in genom editing
  • bacteria → procaryotic
  • eukarya → plants, animals, fungi
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

a taxon is…

A

a group of organisms (bacteria) -> certain characteristics of homogeneity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

a domain can be

A

bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

a kingdom of the domain can be…

A

monera (prokaryotae)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

a species is…

A
  • entirety of organisms (bacteria) with common origin and close genotype
  • degree of DNA homology is more than 60%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

criteria of classification are

A
  • morphological characteristics
  • staining properties → gram positive & gram negative bact.
  • cultural pecularities
  • physiological characteristics
  • biochemical properties
  • antigenic structure
  • genotypic characteristics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

definition of nomenclature is…

A

the name of the species in two words :

  • first = genus in latin
  • second = distinctive feature of microorganism of certain species
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cell type of bacteria

A

prokaryotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

typical size of bacteria

A

0.5-4um

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cell wall of bacteria

A
  • usually present

- contain peptidoglycan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

lipids in membranes in bacteria and eukarya

A

fatty acids present linked by ester bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

genetic material in bacteria

A
  • small circular chromosome and plasmids

- no histones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

mitochondria in bacteria

A

non-present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

locomotion in bacteria by

A

flagella
gliding
gas vesicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

typical organisms of bacteria

A

enteric bacteria or cyanobacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

typical organisms of eukarya

A

algae, fungi, protozoa, plants and animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

extra aspects of prokaryotes

A

cell wall or capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

extra aspects of eukaryots

A

either cell wall or membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

reproduction of prokaryots

A

asexual by binary fission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

ribosomes in prokaryotic cell

A

70S made of 50S and 30S subunits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

cell wall in eukaryots

Study These Flashcards
A

present in fungi

25
flagella in eukaryots
present in protozoa
26
ribosomes in eukaryotes
80S
27
genome of prokaryots
haploid 1 chromosome
28
spherical bacteria are called
cocci
29
cocci size
from 1-1,5um
30
monococci are
single ones
31
sarcinae are
cocci arranged in equal numbers of bacteria
32
diplococci are
- not always spherical | - elongated and stay together
33
size of diplococci
2-3um
34
morphology of bacteria
spherical rod shaped spiral
35
length of long rods
>3um
36
length of short rods
1.5-3um
37
length of coccobacilii
less than 1um
38
ends of rods can be
- rounded - sharp in thin bacteria - rectangular cutted - thickened ends (spore end) - barrel shaped
39
diameter of rods
thin (less than 0.5um) | thick (more than 0.5um up to 1.5um)
40
arrangement of rods
- single bacillus - diplobacilli - streptobacilli - coccobacillus
41
spiral bacteria are called
vibrio -> curved rods spirillum -> large with 1 or 2 curves spirochete -> very long
42
light microscope
- compound microscope - uses more than one lens - single eyepiece → monocular - more than one → binocular - magnification around 30x - magnification to 1,000x
43
dark-field microscope
- useful for light-sensitive organisms → spirochetes | - condenser causes the light to reflect of the specimen at an angle
44
phase-contrast microscope
- observe alive and unstained specimens - accentuate small differences in the refractive index of various structures within the organism - different degrees of brightness
45
fluorescence microscope
- ultraviolet light → molecules release light of longer wave-lengths - shades of orange, yellow or yellow green - some organisms fluorescence naturally (pseudomonas) - fluochrome for myobacterium tuberculosis and treponema pallidum
46
electron microscope
- uses beam of electrons and electromagnets | - electrons go through vacuum
47
transmission ECM
- view of internal structures - very short wavelength of illumination - resolve objects as close as 1nm and microbes up to 500.000X - specimen must be embedded in a block of plastic and cut with a glass
48
scanning ECM
- images of surfaces of specimens - as close as 20nm and magnifications up to 50.000X - preparation with a thin layer of heavy metal
49
stereoscopic microscope
- 3D view of specimen - specimens visible for the naked eye - reflects light
50
staining methods
simple and complex staining
51
simple staining
- only one dye is used - only when one m.o. is present - basic cell shapes and arrangements + size - positive or negative
52
positive staining
- methylene blue or crystal violet | - basic positive dyes -> negatively charged microbial cytoplasm
53
negative staining
- nigrosin - used for organisms which refuse staining - ink in background -> rest stays clear
54
complex staining
- multiple dyes are used in sequential combination to be able to differentiate between. m.o.'s - gram staining - fluorescent stain
55
gram +
- teicoic and lipoteichoic acid are present in cell wall | - purple with crystal violet
56
gram -
- no acids present in the cell wall | - red with safranin counterstain
57
gram variable
- some are positive and negative
58
fluorescent stain
acridine orange
59
preparation of the slide
1. clean the slide with soap and then use a cotton pad to remove the excess 2. mark the place where the testing is going to be 3. clean with water 4. heat up the loop in the flame 5. take the solution with the hot loop and put in on the slide in the marked field 6. let it dry 7. fixate it with heat 8. put staining on methylene blue or fuxin 9. wait 1-5min 10. remove excess stain 11. sometimes use oil

Microbiology pt.1 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions