Basis for grouping organisms Flashcards
the science that deals with the study of the units of biodiversity putting special emphasis on the discovery of species,
reconstructing evolutionary patterns and
building classifications
Systematics
the science that deals specifically on the classification, identification and nomenclature of organisms
Taxonomy
CRITERIA TO CLASSIFY ORGANISMS
Morphology
Embryology
Comparative Anatomy
Genetics and Molecular Biology
Deals with studying the form and structure of microorganisms as well as their specific structural features
Morphology
involves the division of the animal through a sagittal plane, resulting in two
mirror images, right and left halves
Bilateral symmetry
the arrangement of body parts around a central axis
Radial symmetry
Germ layers include ___, ____, and ____
ectoderm, endoderm, endoderm
The germ layer which forms the outer surface of the embryo
ectoderm
The germ layer which forms the
inner surface lining the gut cavity
endoderm
The germ layer which forms a layer
in between the other two in most
groups
mesoderm
gives rise to the lining of the digestive tract (including the stomach, intestines, liver, and pancreas), as well as to the lining of the trachea, bronchi, and lungs of the respiratory tract, along with a few other structures
endoderm
gives rise to all muscle tissues (including the cardiac tissues and muscles of the intestines), connective tissues such as the
skeleton and blood cells, and most other visceral organs such as the kidneys and the spleen
mesoderm
develops into the outer epithelial covering of the body surface, the central nervous system, and a few other structures
ectoderm
those that are similar in related organisms because they were inherited from a common ancestor
Homologous structures
those that are similar in
unrelated organisms
Analogous structures
Organisms with fairly similar
anatomical features are assumed
to be relatively closely related
evolutionarily and they are likely
to share a common ancestor
COMPARATIVE ANATOMY
essential tool that helps
determine evolutionary
relationships between organisms
and whether or not they share
common ancestors
COMPARATIVE ANATOMY
In the 70s, _____ and his collaborator
________ used the small subunit ribosomal
RNA of different organisms to create a tree
that is genetics based.
Carl Woese; George Fox
showed that archaebacteria were significantly different from other bacteria
and eukaryotes in terms of this rRNA sequence
Genetic analysis
a Swedish botanist, published a system for classifying organisms in the 1700s which became the basis for the modern classification systems
Carl Linnaeus
hierarchy of groupings
taxa
a method of naming organisms giving them unique twoword Latin name, a genus and a species name
Binomial nomenclature
Founder of taxonomy
Carl Linnaeus
The two-kingdom classification
system was introduced in ____ by
_______
1735, Linnaeus
