Battle of Hastings and the Norman Conquest Flashcards
(27 cards)
What event caused the succession crisis in 1066?
Edward the Confessor died without an heir on 5 Jan 1066.
Who were the three contenders for the English throne in 1066?
- Harold Godwinson
- William of Normandy
- Harald Hardrada
Who was Harold Godwinson?
Anglo-Saxon Earl of Wessex, chosen by the Witan.
What was Harold Godwinson’s relationship to Edward the Confessor?
He was related by marriage.
What was William of Normandy’s claim to the throne?
He claimed Edward promised him the throne.
What military advantages did William of Normandy have?
Strong military leader with cavalry and archers.
Who was Harald Hardrada?
Viking King of Norway, supported by Tostig.
What was the significance of the Witan in 1066?
It was the council of nobles that chose Harold as king.
What happened on 5 Jan 1066?
Edward the Confessor died.
What key event occurred on 14 Oct 1066?
The Battle of Hastings — Harold is killed; Norman victory.
How many troops did Harold have at the Battle of Hastings?
5,000 troops (mainly infantry).
What was William’s troop strength at the Battle of Hastings?
15,000 troops (archers, infantry, cavalry).
What strategy did William use to defeat Harold’s forces?
William’s troops surrounded and defeated the Saxons.
What led to Harold’s death during the Battle of Hastings?
He was possibly killed by an arrow to the eye.
When was William crowned King of England?
25 Dec 1066.
What were the three main reasons for William’s victory?
- Preparation
- Leadership
- Luck
What was the Harrying of the North?
A brutal campaign in 1069 that crushed rebellions.
What type of castles did William build for control?
Motte-and-bailey castles.
What was the purpose of the Domesday Book?
Survey of all land and property used to collect taxes and assert control.
Fill in the blank: The council that chose Harold as king was called the _______.
[Witan]
What does feudalism refer to?
System where land = loyalty.
Who were the housecarls?
Harold’s elite soldiers.
What is the Bayeux Tapestry?
It tells the story of Hastings from the Norman view.
What are barons and knights?
Loyal lords & soldiers given land.
