BB Flashcards
Name the cranial nerves that pass through each foramen: Olfactory foramen Optic foramen Superior orbital foramen foramen rotundum foramen ovale foramen spinosum foramen lacerum Internal acoustic meatus Jugular foramen
Olfactory foramen: I Optic foramen: II Superior orbital foramen: III, IV, V1, VI foramen rotundum: V2 foramen ovale: V3 foramen spinosum foramen lacerum Internal acoustic meatus: VII, VIII Jugular foramen: IX, X, XI
Name the foramen that each cranial nerve passes through:
I –> XI
Olfactory foramen: I Optic foramen: II Superior orbital foramen: III, IV, V1, VI foramen rotundum: V2 foramen ovale: V3 foramen spinosum foramen lacerum Internal acoustic meatus: VII, VIII Jugular foramen: IX, X, XI
3 cardinal signs of Parkinsons
Rigidity, Bradykinesia, Resting tremor
Name the Hz region of each brain wave: Alpha Beta Theta Delta
Alpha - 8-12Hz
Beta - 13 -30Hz
Theta - 3.5-7.5Hz
Delta - <3.5Hz
Name the brain waves present in each stage of sleep Awake Sleep stage 1 Sleep stage 2 Sleep stage 3 Sleep stage 4 REM sleep
Awake - Beta waves
Sleep stage 1 - Alpha waves then progresses to more theta waves
Sleep stage 2 - Theta waves
Sleep stage 3 - Delta waves (<50%)
Sleep stage 4 - Delta waves (>50%)
REM sleep - fast and randomised waves with sawtooth pattern
What is the triad of symptoms for Horner’s syndrome
Ipsilateral miosis (pupil constriction), ptosis (eye lid drooping), anhidrosis (loss of sweating)
Caused by Hodgkin’s lymphoma in young people (same side lung apex)
What is first line treatment to trigeminal neuralgia
Carbamazepine
What CN emerge from the brainstem (midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata)
Midbrain: III, IV
Pons: V, VI, VII, VIII
Medulla oblongata: IX, X, XI, XII
What drug increases the activity of serotonin transporters
Tianeptine
What does a positive straight leg test show and how is it treated
Lumbosacral radiculopathy
(If no red flags e.g. bowel or bladders dysfunction, unexplained weight loss) Treated with NSAIDs - Diclofenac/Naproxen
What are the Brodmann's areas of: Primary somatosensory cortex Primary motor cortex Frontal eye fields Visual cortex Primary auditory cortex Wernicke's area Broca's area
Primary somatosensory cortex → 1, 2, 3 Primary motor cortex → 4 Frontal eye fields → 8 Visual cortex → 17, 18, 19 Primary auditory cortex → 41, 42 Wernicke's area → 22 Broca's area → 44, 45
What are the symptoms of Anterior choroidal artery syndrome
Triad of: Contralateral Hemiplegia (Weakness one side) Contralateral Hemianaesthesia (Numbness one side) Contralateral Hemianopia (Loss of half your visual field)
What pathway projects to the insula
Lateral spinothalamic tract
What is the mechanism of action of sumatriptan
5-HT1B/D agonist
