BC 12 Flashcards
Model building codes define a high rise building as being more than __ in height. the fire protection definition is more practical any building occupied stories beyond the effective ____ of fire equipment located as street level
Typically model building codes require __-__ hours fire resistance for the structural frame in a high rise building, depending on the number of stories, and __-__ hours fire resistance for floor construction
High rise buildings: automatic sprinklers and communication systems were not commonly provided until the last quarter of the 20th century
Sprinkler systems and standpipes are typically supplied from the same vertical riser, these systems will be supplied by ____ or ____ fire pumps located in the ____. In seismic zones a ____ on site water supply is required, usually in the form of a storage ___
Building codes have routinely required that high rise buildings be equipped with automatic sprinkler systems as well as standpipe systems since mid 1970s
75’
reach
2-3 hours
2 hours
one or more
basement
secondary
tank
Many modern high rise buildings have ___ ___ systems that automatically sound an alert tone followed by voice instructions upon actuation of any detector, water flow device or manual pull station. These systems are often zoned by ____
Detection devices in high rise buildings, along with water flow switches, are monitored via the ___ ___ system. Smoke detectors in individual residential units are not monitored through the fire alarm system
All model building codes require smoke proof exit enclosures in all stairs serving floors __ feet or higher. Entrance to these stairways must be made through an ___ ___or a ____ ____
“Pressure sandwich” concept. this approach vented the fire floor and pressurized the floor ___ and ____ to contain the smoke
Model building codes require a room or area in a high rise building to serve as a ___ ___ ___ typically it is located on the first floor or level of fire department access. must have a - fire rating ___ hour fire rating
voice alarm
floor
fire alarm
75’
open balcony
pressurized vestibule
above
below
fire command center
1 hour
When a structure has more than one dedicated elevator, they may be arranged in ___
only consider using an elevator if the fire is above the __
floor
do not use elevators for occupant ____ until
the fire is under control
Codes contain mandatory provisions for the recall (phase 1 operation) of all passenger elevators with vertical travel greater than ___ feet in the event of a fire
The requirement for recall (phase 1) does not apply to ____ elevators
banks
5th
evacuation
25
freight
Limited access buildings: codes generally require that these buildings be ____ _____, typically much have emergency access openings, upper floors should have emergency access openings on ___ or more sides in the upper floors
Probably the greatest single challenge in controlling fires in underground buildings comes from the difficulty in venting ___ and ___
Smokeproof enclosures are required for buildings with levels more than ___ feet below the level of exit discharge
underground facilities are not built in the same way as an aboveground building. underground structures must be ___
where buildings have floor levels more than___ft below the level of exit discharge, separation of each level into two approximately equally sized compartments may be required. each compartment will be provided with at least ____ stair and access into the other compartment
fully sprinklered
2
heat
smoke
30ft
excavated
60
one
Two types of membrane structures use ____ ___ to form the shape. the amount of air pressure required to maintain these types of structures is a small fraction above ambient ____ ____
Air supported and air inflated structure: in cases where normal access or egress is provided through airlocks or revolving doors, ____ ___ may also be required in the building code
Air inflated and Supported structures: the membrane used may be a limited combustible or ___ _____ material. if it is limited combustible it is required to have a low ___ spread and low ____ propagation
air pressure
atmospheric pressure
emergency exits
non combustible
flame
smoke
Covered mall buildings: codes now require fire department hose outlets in ____, at major entrances to the mall and at entrances from the mall to corridors and ___
shopping malls are constructed in various sizes and configurations, and typically include one to three levels. building codes require that the mall walkways be minimum of ____ feet wide
anchor stores may be separated by the smaller stores by -
a ___ ___
codes require individual stores within a shopping mall to have ___ hour fire resistive separations from each other
current codes have eliminated the requirement for smoke control systems in ___ ___ shopping malls, however a smoke control system may be required in covered mall buildings with ____or more stories
stairs
passageways
20ft
fire wall
one
one story
three
Model building code requirements for fire protection and life safety features for detention and correctional facilities vary depending on the level of ___ required at the facility
restraint
Building codes have a basic requirement that an atrium be enclosed with ___ hour fire rated construction or a combination of glass and automatic sprinklers . however codes usually make provision for elimination of the 1 hour enclosure for up to ___stories or more when certain conditions are met
some codes waive the requirements for sprinklers where the ceilings of atriums are more than ___ feet above the floor
1
3
55
what distinguishes an explosion from other occurrences such as ordinary combustion is ____ at which the process occurs
The damage an explosion may inflict on a structure depends on the maximum ____ developed, ___ of pressure rise, ___ of the peak pressure and the ___ of the confining structure
The maximum pressure reached during an explosion may exceed ___the atmospheric pressure
ideally, explosion vents should not weigh more than __ lbs per __ ___
the required explosion vent area varies based on the ___ and _____ of structure, expected forces of the potential explosion and the type of ___
speed
pressure
rate
duration
resistance
10x
3 square foot
size
strength
vent
Generally, the area of refuge Is designed to accommodate one or two wheelchairs , depending on the occupant load served
____ lobbies and enclosed ___ stair landings are logical location for areas of refuge because of construction features already required in those areas
when a vestibule outside of stairways is used to provide areas of refuge, the area must be separated from the rest of the floor by a ___ barrier. the typical smoke barrier consists of a minimum ___hour fire rated enclosure
separated from the rest of the floor by a smoke barrier
elevator
exit
smoke
1
Warehouses may have multiple rows of racks wider than ___ feet or with aisles narrower than ___ feet
Storage racks can range from a total height of ____ feet to an excess of ___
Rack storage: newer ceiling mounted sprinkler technology includes sprinklers that can operate in ___ mode and ____ mode
Control mode
Suppression mode
The speed at which unprotected members will fail, however, depends on the following:
- Ceiling ____ of the building
- Size of ____ steel members
- ____ and duration of the fire
12ft
3.5ft
12 ft
100 ft
Control
Suppression
height
unprotected
intensity
Two important distinctions between type 3 and type 4 construction are:
- In type 4 construction the beams, columns, floors and roofs are made of ____ or laminated ___ with dimensions greater then in type 3
- ____ ___ are not permitted between structural components in type 4 construction
Type 3 construction commonly used nominal x - joists for floor construction
Type 4 construction requires minimum nominal dimensions of __x __for floor construction
solid
wood
concealed spaces
2x10’’
6x10
Atrium — the required exhaust capacity is based on the Magnitude of the expected fire and the Height from the floor to the bottom of the ___ ____ smoke layer
lowest . allowable
