BC11 Flashcards
(22 cards)
From a firefighting standpoint, the roofs of buildings can be classified into three styles:
- flat
- pitched
- curved
Low-Slope Roofs have a slope of?____
Medium to high slope roofs have a pitch of
___ - ____ (____ = __ degree angle)
The simplest pitched roof is the?
___ roof that slopes only in ____ direction
3/12
4/12 - 12/12
(12/12 = 45 degree angle)
shed . one
- Common roof style that consists of two inclined surfaces that meet at their high side to form a ridge
gable roof
Style that slopes in four directions and has a degree of slope similar to the gable roof
Hip Roof
Gambrel Roof
Slope in two directions, but there will be a break in the slope on each side. The space under roof can be used as an attic or living space.
Gambrel Roof
Has break in the slope of the roof on all fours ides.
Mansard Roof
Style designed to provide light and ventilation.
Monitor roof
Once commonly used on industrial buildings for light and ventilation
sawtooth roof
roof style that slopes in two directions - basically two shed roofs that meet at their low eaves
Butterly roof
Curved roofs are most frequently supported by?
Arches and bowstring trusses
A dome roof can be thought of as an arch rotated?
360 degrees on its top point
___ ___
A special type of arch constructed of short pieces of wood called lamellas.
arches . bowstring trusses
360 . top
Lamella Arch
Lamellas
Most commonly made of ___
Vary in thickness from __ x __ to __ x ___
Lengths varying from __ to ___ ft
Bolted together in a diagonal pattern with a special plate known as a ___ ____
pg. 282
wood
2 . 8 . 3 . 6
8 . 14
lamella washer
A geodesic dome is created using?
____ _____
_____
Frequently in buildings with pitched roofs to increase the available living space in an attic
Flat roofs may be supported by ?
Open web _____ joists and steel ____
The simplest system of flat roof support uses ordinary _____ joists supported at either end by load bearing walls
Spherical triangulation
dormers
steel . beams
wood
The most common roof types constructed with CONVENTIONAL framing include:
- shed
- gable
- hip
- gambrel
- mansard
Wood rafters vary in size from?
___x___ - __x ___”
Wood rafters can be spaced from?
__-___” apart
2 . 4 . 2 . 14
12 . 24
A common truss is arranged with all the chords and diagonal members?
In the same ___
The joints used in trusses often are connected using?
___ ___ type gusset plates
__x__ or __x__ spaced apart __-__’ center to center
The failure of any single element of a bowstring truss will lead to?
Catastrophic failure
__ and ___ trusses are the most common types used for pitched roofs.
Wood panel decking may have a thickness of?
/” on supports ___” on center
Wood planks will have a minimum ___nominal thickness
Corrugated steel used in roof decking ranges from
___ gauge, the thinnest, to __ gauge the thickest
Gypsum has the advantage of being?
____
plane
gang nail
2x4 . 2x6 . 2-4
fink pratt
1/2’’ . 24’’
1’’
29 . 12
nailable
The usual practice in a multistory building with a flat roof is to use the same structural system for the?
___ and the ___ because it is more economical
roof . floor
Roof Covering
Provides the __ __ barrier for the roof system
Examples of conditions roofing material must resist include:
- ____ from hail
- ___ from fog, salt air, smoke, and other pollutants
- expansion and contraction from roof top temperatures that can range from over ____ degrees in the summer and below 0 degrees in the winter
______ _____is designed to reduce the diffusion of interior moisture into the insulation layer
Vapor barriers consist of a continuous sheet of material resistant to the passage of water include:
- plastic
- aluminum foil
- kraft paper laminated with asphalt
- asphalt saturated roofing felt
_____ ______ reduces heat loss through the roof
water resistant
punctures
corrosion
100
Vapor Barrier
Thermal insulation
roofing membrane
Used under a roof consists of water proof material that keep out rain and snow from the ____ of the building
The three general categories of membranes used are?
- ___ __ membrane
- ___ ___
- ___ applied
Built-Up membrane:
membranes use ____ overlapping layers of roofing felt saturated with a bituminous material that may be either ___ or ____.
Single-Ply Membrane
Consist of a ____ membrane laid in sheets on the roof deck. Comes in sheets __-__’ wide and up to ___’ long. ___-___” thick
Fluid-Applied Membranes
useful for buildings with curved roof surfaces such as _____ that would be difficult to cover with pother materials. materials used neoprene, silicone, polyurethane, butyl rubber.
interior
- Built up
- Single ply
- Fluid
several . tar . asphalt
single . 10-20’ 200’ 0.03-0.10”
domes
Drainage layer
Permits the free ____ of rain water to the roof drains
Wear course
External covering on a roof that protects the roof from ___ ___. The typical tar and gravel roof uses gravel as the wear course
movement
mechanical abrasion
Two broad categories of roof coverings used on pitched roofs are?
____ and ___ roof coverings
Asphalt shingles are available in several sizes but the most common size is?
__x__”
Asphalt Shingles age fundamentally?
The difference between wood shingles and shakes is?
Their method of ___
____ _____ are thin, tapered slabs of wood that are sawn from pieces of a tree trunk
Shakes are manually or machine split from the wood and are _____ than shingles
Wood Shingles and Shakes used in North America are made from?
___ __, __ ___, or ____ because of the resistance of these woods to decay
Shingles and tiles are usually attached to the roof with?
_____ resistant nails
shingles . metal
12x36”
Combustible
production
Wood Shingles
thicker
Red cedar, white cedar, or redwood
corrosion
Clay, slate, and cement tiles
Are non combustible and produce ___ ___ roof coverings that have excellent resistance to flying brands
____Is produced from hard rock that has a tendency to split along one plane
This characteristic permits roofing slate to be produced in smooth sheets as thin as?
__” although it may be as thick as ___”
Slate is durable and can have a life expectancy of?
150 years
Slate is also a heavy material, weighing?
__-__ lbs per square foot
clay tile
Is a dense, hard, and ____ material that can be used for flat or curved tiles
Concrete Tiles
Are made from Portland cement, aggregate, and water
A major advantage of concrete tiles over wood tiles is?
Greater ___-
When wood decking is used, the roofing felt increases the fire resistance of the roof because It acts as an ____ layer and protects the wood deck against the heat of external exposing fires
fire resistant
slate
1/16’’ . 1-1/2’’
8- 36
nonabsorbant
longevity
insulating
NFPA 256
Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Roof Coverings
Also designated ASTM E-108
In order to be a third party listed product, materials are subject to six separate test procedures including:
- Intermittent ___ exposure test
- ___ brand test
- ___ brand test
- ____ test
- ____ Test
- ____ of flame test
Class A roof coverings are effective against ___ fire exposure
Class B roof coverings are Effective against ___ fire exposure
Class C roof coverings are Effective against ____ fire exposure
- flame
- Burning
- Flying
- Rain
- Weathering
- Spread
severe
moderate
light
The greatest benefit of a green design roof is?
The increased energy efficiency of the building
Photovoltaic Systems
Produces reliable, clean energy that can be used in a wide range of applications, including within a buildings systems.
The depth of soil required for a garden can range from a few inches to a few feet. Depending on the depth of the soil, the dead load can vary from?
__ lbs - ___ lbs per square foot
Another primary hazard of vegetated roofs is?
The added fire load if the vegetation is not properly hydrated, or if fertilizers are improperly stored.
penthouse
Small structures erected on the main roof of a building
The primary purpose of a skylight is to?
Provide natural lighting to the interior of a building
20-150
