BC4 Flashcards
(85 cards)
1
Q
STAIRS
Basic components
All stairs have a step and a riser commonly referred as ____ and ___
A
rise and run
2
Q
Stairs with open sides must also include ____ to prevent people and objects from falling onto adjacent spaces
A
Hand rails
3
Q
- Use light weight material in techniques
- Known to fail under specific conditions
A
Prefabricated stairs
4
Q
- Extend one direction for their entire length
- Landings may be used between Sections of vertical travel
A
Straight-run stairs
5
Q
-Have an intermediate landing between floors in reverse direction at that point
-May have more than one landing with the height between floors is greater than normal
This type of their design is common in modern construction
A
Return stairs
6
Q
- Two separate sets of stairs constructed in a common shaft
- Are cheaper and more space efficient than two separate their enclosures
- Often use a pair of return stairs for assembly occupancies that have a large floor to ceiling height
A
Scissor stairs
7
Q
- Ingress and egress access is at the same corridor
- Standpipes on the same sphere side at each floor
A
Scissor stairs
8
Q
Scissor stairs
Building to include the stairs are: (4)
A
Airport terminals
Convention Center
Malls
Cinema complexes
9
Q
Often found as grand stairs for convenience stairs serving only TWO levels
A
Circular stairs
10
Q
Circular stairs
Minimum width of the RUN is usually ___inches
-Special requirement is the small radius of the full circle is greater than or equal to ____ the ___ part of the stair tread
A
10
twice, widest
11
Q
-Series of steps spiraling around a single column to fit in a very small space
A
Spiral stairs
12
Q
- Each tread is tapered and connects to the column (balluster) at the tread narrow end
- Primarily used in residential Occupancies
A
Spiral stairs
13
Q
Folding stairs
- Actually ladders used to provide access to an attic space that does not have a ____ access stair
- Commonly found in ____
- Often located away from the building usual Functional spaces
- Usually has three sections:
- The main that ____ from the frame
- And two ____ sections
A
permanent
Residences
hinges
Articulating
14
Q
Some buildings may use fixed Ladders(Ship ladders) in similar applications to provide access to areas including:
-___ ____
___ ___ At the top of stairways
-Between roof levels with portions at ___ ___
(May have weight limitations)
A
- mechanical spaces
- roof hatches
- different evelations
15
Q
Stairs as part of means of egress
Exit stairs, as a component of the required means of egress, must meet strict requirements:
-___ ___ rating of the enclosure
-____ when exterior stairs are utilized
-Features to ensure safety during both Nonemergency and emergency use
A
fire resistance
seperation
16
Q
Something to stairs provide egress but not access that is that they do not allow building reentry onto any floor except the ___ ___ floor for security reasons
-Commonly found in ___ or other multi story buildings
A
ground floor
hotels
17
Q
Protected stairs
Must resist the effects of the ____ ___ ____
Measures indicating in building codes to protect stair
Uses either ___ or ___ smoke control
Typically located on the ___ perimeter of the building and are entered through _____ ___ or open exterior Balconies
A
Products of combustion
Active or passive
Exterior
ventilated vestibule
18
Q
Active smoke proof enclosures
Stairwells may be designed to ___ when the fire alarm system is activated
A dedicated ____ ____ ____ system Will generate enough pressure to keep smoke out of stair enclosure even when a door is open to the fire floor
In high rise structures Codes require dedicated Pressurize stairways Designed solely to provide firefighters a safe route to access an attack fire
A
Pressurized
mechanical air handling
19
Q
Passive smoke proof enclosures
- Protect the stairway enclosure and provide a means of ___ ___ before the smoke enters the stair enclosure
- These enclosures are accessed through a ____ or an ___ ___
A
smoke ventilation
vestibule
Exterior balcony
20
Q
- are not enclosed with fire rated construction
- May provide a path for products of combustion to spread, and will not protect anyone from those hazards
A
Opens stairs
21
Q
Building codes typically allow the use of open stairs and buildings only when they connect no more than ___ ___ floors above ___ level
A
two adjacent
basement
22
Q
Mechanical conveyor systems
-a Conveyor system is used to transport ____ and _____
Conveyor systems often penetrate fire barriers and are protected by features such as: (3)
- ____ ___
______
____ ____ _____ fire suppression systems
A
items materials
- Fire doors
- Shutters
- Water spray fixed
23
Q
_____ ______ or ____ ____ is a primary safety hazard at a conveyor penetration during a fire
-Safeguards against incomplete closure include:
-Automatic ___ ___
-____ in the conveyor
Multiple layers of ____ or ____
A
Incomplete door or shutter closure
- Stop controls
- break
- doors or shutter
24
Q
Moving stairs
- Escalators are a Conveyor transport device aligned as a stairway with electrically powered steps that move continuously in one direction
- The driving machinery is located under an ____ ___ at the ____ _____
- Escalator Speeds are standardized at ___ per min
- Each step rides on the track
- The steps are linked by __ ___ and move around and escalator frame
- Continuous handrails also move at the same speed as steps
A
access plane
upper landing
-100
step chain
25
Moving stairs
Emergency stop which will stop the escalator and set break–Location of emergency stops switch may vary by manufacturer or other factors
Vertical penetrations for escalators Serving more than ____ floors must be protected
The most common protection for the vertical opening is to use closely spaced sprinklers and ___ ___ around opening
-A ___ ___ at The top of the escalator can also provide protection
two
draft stops
roller shutter
26
Moving walkways
Moving walkways are similar to escalators but Are only used to people horizontally or up slight incline
Often found in ___
Typically they use ___ ___ attached to a continuous ___ equipped with moving handrails
Airports
metal plates
pathway
27
Elevators
Elevators are complex mechanical building systems with the following features:
-Serves ____ or ____ levels or landings
-Includes ____ and ____ mechanisms
-Provide access to ___ or ____ _____ stories
-Use a ______ that moves along guide rails
two or more
hoisting and lowering
above or below grade
platform
28
Emergency use of elevators
May be used during emergency response
-Before such use, Firefighters should recall the elevator to the lobby and open the door from the ____ ___ ___ the recalled elevator to check the shaft for smoke infiltration
floor level above
29
Types of elevators
Passenger elevator carry ___
Freight elevators carry ___ that may be __ or ___
Service elevators are ___ __ designed to also carry freight
people
resources
bulky or heavy
Passenger elevator
30
The two most common types of power used in elevators are:
- Hydraulic
| - Electric
31
Hydraulic elevator
- Operate via ___ Forced, under pressure, into a ___ containing a piston or a ram
- ___ in ____ raises the RAM in the upward
- ___ the fluid allows the car to lower through __
- Do not have __
- Controlled through ___ ___
```
Fluid. Cylinder
pumping fluid
Draining gravity
Breaks
Hydraulic fluid
```
32
Electric elevators
Uses a ___ cable and a ___
FOUR common STYLES of Elevators are:
```
hoisting drum
Drum elevators
Traction elevators
Machine room-less elevators (MRL)
Dumb waiters
```
33
Electric elevators
| -Intended for passenger use only (3)
Traction elevators
Drum elevators
Machine room -less elevators
34
Electric elevators
| -Intended for cargo use
Dumb waiters
35
Drum elevators using hoisting cable wound on the drum located in a ___ ___ directly over __ ___
The car is connected to a set of moving ____ to reduce the effort the motor must produce to raise the car
Drum type elevators have practical height limitations because the size of the drum ____ with the lifting distance
motor room
hoist way
counterweights
increases
36
_____ ___ are the most common type of elevator in the building over six stories
Fast and do not have ___ ____ of either hydraulic for drum style elevators
-Even though _____ reduce the amount of energy needed to raise the elevators, The operating weights may require them to have as much as a ___ V power supply
The drive equipment for traction elevator is contained in the ___ ___ that is usually directly Over the hoistway
Traction elevators
height limitations
Counterweights
500
machine room
37
Hydraulic elevator
| Because the elevator car is attached to ___ of the ___, the ram must be long enough to reach the ____ service floor
top ram
| heighest
38
Traction elevators
Traction motors have a braking system that operates during both __ operation in ___
Located on the shaft of the drive motor
___ motors aids directly and stop the car
__ motors do not play a role in stopping the car, the motor stops the car and then the brakes are applied to the hold the car in place.
Normal Malfunctions
AC
DC
39
___ ___ ___ elevators feature controls that may be remote from the elevator system
The other components may all fit within the hoistway.
Machine room less
40
Dumb waiters are ___ ___ elevators that move along a hoistway in transport items of small weight and size between floors
small freight
41
Safety features
Passenger safety devices include:
-____ ___-An electric switch that terminates power before elevator Reaches upper or lower limits of the hoistway
-____-Large spring or hydraulic cylinders and Pistons located at the bottom of the pit that acts as shock absorbers should the terminals switch fails; Buffer cannot safely stopped a Freefalling car; They can only stop a car at normal speed.
-___ ___ ___"Speed govenor"-This which slows the drive motor when an elevator start to exceed a safe speed; If the car continues accelerate, this Switch trips the overspeed switch and applies car safeties.
-___ ___- Also connected to the speed govenor; Activated when the speed reducing switch fails.
-___ ___- Tapered parts of steel jaws that wedge against the guard rails and bring elevator to a stop; Designed to stop a Freefalling car
```
terminal device
buffers
speed reducing switch
overspeed switch
car safeties
```
42
1. Which of the following statements regarding convenience stairs is MOST accurate?
A. Convenience stairs are part of the means of egress
B. Convenience stairs are typically closed.
C. Convenience stairs are usually limited to connecting only two levels.
D. Convenience stairs do not need to meet the same general safety requirements as exit stairs
C. Convenience stairs are usually limited to connecting only two levels.
43
```
2. Which types of stairs have an intermediate landing between floors and reverse direction at that point?
A. Return stairs
B. Scissor stairs
C. Twin stairs
D. Turnabout stairs A. Return stairs
```
A. Return stairs
44
```
3. Which type of stairs place two sets of stairs in a common shaft?
A. Return stairs
B. Scissor stairs
C. Turnout stairs
D. Twin stairs
```
B. Scissor stairs
45
```
4. Building codes have traditionally required a minimum of one smokeproof stair enclosure for stairs serving buildings of __ stories or higher.
A. two
B. three
C. four
D. five
```
D. five
46
```
5. Which standard is the basis for most elevator regulations?
A. ASTM E-84
B. NFPA 1500
C. ISO 9000
D. ASME/ANSI A17.1
```
D. ASME/ANSI A17.1
47
```
6. Which type of elevator employs hoist cables that run up and over the drive sheave at the top of the hoistway and then down the back wall of the hoistway to connect to moveable counterweights?
A. Traction
B. Reel
C. Friction
D. Gravity
```
A. Traction
48
```
7. Which of the following are located at the bottom of the elevator pit and act as shock absorbers if the terminal switch fails?
A. Car safeties
B. Buffers
C. Terminal bumpers
D. Insulators
```
B. Buffers
49
```
8. Elevator hoistway enclosures usually are required to have a fire rating of __ hours
A. 1/2 to 2
B. 1 to 2
C. 1 1/2 to 2 1/2
D. 1 1/2 to 3
```
B. 1 to 2
50
```
9. Elevator zones usually serve __ floors.
A. 5 to 10
B. 10 to 15
C. 15 to 20
D. 20 to 25
```
C. 15 to 20
51
```
10. What method of preventing mushrooming do building codes require in elevator hoistways?
A. Venting at the top
B. Exhaust fans
C. Automatic sprinkler protection
D. Fire-resistive materials
```
A. Venting at the top
52
```
11. When more than one hoistway is provided, up to __ elevators may be located on one hoistway
A. two
B. four
C. six
D. eight
```
B. four
53
```
12. Moving stairs (escalators) are now standardized to operate at speeds of __ feet (meters) per minute.
A. 90 (27)
B. 100 (30)
C. 110 (34)
D. 120 (37)
```
B. 100 (30)
54
13. Which of the following statements regarding moving stairs is MOST accurate?
A. Typically, vertical openings created by escalators need to be protected when serving more than three floors
B. Vertical opening can be protected by a rolling shutter at the bottom of the escalator
C. The most common method of protecting the vertical opening created by an escalator is using closely spaced sprinklers in conjunction with draft stops.
D. A partial enclosure uses a single fire-rated enclosure for both the up and down escalator.
C. The most common method of protecting the vertical opening created by an escalator is using closely spaced sprinklers in conjunction with draft stops
55
```
14. A pipe chase contains:
A. telecommunications cables
B. hot and cold water
C. electrical raceways
D. heating ductwork
```
B. hot and cold water
56
```
15. A building may use __ instead of pipe chases
A. stacked ductwork
B. stacked mechanical rooms
C. fire-rated shafts
D. vertical chutes
```
B. stacked mechanical rooms
57
```
16. Systems that make use of water for heat transfer are known as __ systems
A. conditioned
B. hydronic
C. forced water
D. aquatic
```
B. hydronic
58
17. Which of the following statements regarding locating the HVAC equipment room on a roof is MOST accurate?
A. Locating HVAC equipment on a roof makes it more difficult to take in makeup air
B. Locating HVAC equipment on a roof makes it easy to eject exhaust air
C. Locating HVAC equipment on a roof requires more power to supply the entire building
D. Locating HVAC equipment on a roof makes it easier to control the needs of multiple zones
B. Locating HVAC equipment on a roof makes it easy to eject exhaust air
59
18. Which of the following statements regarding air heating and cooling equipment is MOST accurate?
A. Cooling equipment hazards are limited solely to hazards associated with the refrigerant
B. Codes limit heating equipment to the use of electricity or steam
C. Some refrigerants have been prohibited due to environmental concerns.
D. Replacements for prohibited refrigerants are less hazardous for firefighters
C. Some refrigerants have been prohibited due to environmental concerns.
60
19. Smoke control means the use of:
A. fire equipment to ventilate the building
B. mechanical equipment to produce pressure differences across smoke barriers
C. fire equipment to eliminate pressure differences across smoke barriers
D. mechanical equipment to eliminate pressure differences across smoke barriers
B. mechanical equipment to produce pressure differences across smoke barriers
61
20. Which of the following statements regarding manual smoke control is MOST accurate?
A. Manual smoke control operation is relatively fast
B. Automatic control should always take precedence over manual control
C. Manual control eliminates system disruption due to false alarms
D. The manual smoke control system can only be controlled at the building's main control room.
C. Manual control eliminates system disruption due to false alarms
62
```
21. Stopping air supply to the fire floor while continuing air supply to non-fire floors creates a:
A. negative pressure
B. misdirection of smoke
C. pressure sandwich
D. smothering of the fire
```
C. pressure sandwich
63
22. Which of the following statements regarding pressurized stairwells is MOST accurate?
A. Pressurized stairwells use a blower or fan to provide slightly less pressure in the stairwell than the corridor.
B. NFPA 92A requires a minimum pressure difference of 0.75 inches, water gauge across a smoke barrier in a sprinklered building
C. effectiveness of pressurized stairwells can be compromised by loss of pressure when doors to the stairwell are opened.
D. Stairwell pressurization systems require minimal engineering analysis
C. Effectiveness of pressurized stairwells can be compromised by loss of pressure when doors to the stairwell are opened.
64
23. Which of the following statements regarding a compensated system for pressurized stairwells is MOST accurate?
A. A compensated system adjusts the airflow in the stairwell based on the number of occupants in the stairwell
B. Modulating the air supply can be accomplished using dampers
C. Overpressure relief is accomplished through the use of pressure sensors.
D. Air supply modulation can be accomplished by varying the speed of the fan.
D. Air supply modulation can be accomplished by varying the speed of the fan
65
```
24. Which of the following is a highly hazardous substance used in older transformer cooling oils?
A. DDTs
B. HFCs
C. ERGs
D. PCBs
```
D. PCBs
66
```
25. Day-tanks located in the same room or mounted directly on a generator are typically limited by fire code to __ gallons (liters) of diesel fuel.
A. 60 (240)
B. 40 (200)
C. 20 (80)
D. 10 (40)
```
A. 60 (240)
67
1. Elevator hoistway
Is the ____ shaft in which the elevator car travels, and includes the elevator ___
2. Hoist ways are required to be constructed of?
___ ____ materials and are equipped with the ___ ___ door assemblies
3. Elevator hoist way enclosures usually are required to be a fire related assembly with?
_-_ hour rating, depending on the ___ of the building.
4. Four or more elevators must have a minimum of?
__ separate hoistways
5. A zone often includes-_____________ consecutive floors.
1. vertical . pit
2. fire resistive . fire rated
3. 1-2 . height
4. 2
5. 15-20
68
6. Upper zone cars operate in?
____ mode (without stops) from the first floor to the ___ floor of the ___ zone
7. Elevators servicing upper levels have no entrances to the?
____ shaft between the ____ entrance and the ____ floor served.
8. Elevator doors are designed to open and close automatically when?
The car __ at the floor where it has been ____
9. On hydraulic elevators, a top exit may be provided depending on whether the system is equipped with?
A ___ ___ ___, this valve permits the lowering of the car in the event of a malfunction
10. In multiple-elevator hoistways, most elevator cars are equipped with side exits to allow?
Passengers transferred laterally from a stalled car to a ____ car next to it
6. express . lowest . upper
7. hoistway . main . lowest
8. stops . summoned
9. manual lowering valve
10. functioning
69
1. Vertical shafts can provide a path for?
___ and ____ travel as well as serve as the origin for fires
2. vertical shaft enclosures are built using fire rated construction methods but, may contain?
____ materials, depending on their ___
3. refuse-chute
Provides a space for ___ ____ removal of trash removal of trash or laundry from upper floors of buildings such as residential properties
1. smoke . fire
2. combustible . function
3. gravity aided
70
4. Because trash or laundry deposited in the chute is mostly combustible, refuse chutes are required to be constructed of?
___ ____ material with rated doors and and fire rated shaft ____. ____ are required at the top of the chute and in its termination room
5. The application, design, and protection required for grease ducts are specified in?
___
6. A pipe chase contains piping needed for:
- Hot and cold ___ water
- ___ lines
- steam
- hot and chilled water for ____ and air conditioning
- ____ piping
4. non combustible enclosure . sprinklers
5. codes
6. - portable
- drain
- heating .
- sprinkler
71
1. The primary purpose of heating, ventilating, and air conditioning systems is to?
Create and maintain a ___ environment for occupants
2. In a high rise office building, the total HVAC system may be monitored and controlled by computers, and include:
- hundreds of feet of ____ work
- ____ equipment
- ____ equipment
- monitors and ____
3. cupolas
A type of rooftop projection historically used for _____ and ___, and modernly added for aesthetics.
4. Wider accessibility of HVAC systems has had a major impact on?
Overall building ____
5. An out side air intake?
Draws air from sources ____ to the building into the system
6. Codes regulate the location of air intakes to minimize drawing in the following hazards:
- ____, flammable, or toxic hazards
- ___ exhaust
- ____ from fires in nearby structures
7. Duct detectors are typically provided for fans with capacities exceeding?
_____ cubic feet per min, to stop these systems under fire conditions and minimize unwanted smoke movement
1. comfortable
2. - duct
- heating
- refirgeration
- blowers
3. venilation . lighting
4. design
5. external
6. - compatible .
- vehicle
- smoke
7. 2,000
72
8. Systems that use extensive ducting are of great interest to fire protection engineers and firefighters because disadvantages include?
- ____ for communication of heat and smoke through a building
- penetrations of fire rated assemblies that can destroy the ____ of the assembly
- dedicated use of substantial amounts of _____
9. NFPA ____
Standard for the installation of air conditioning and ventilating systems
10. NFPA 90A requires that the enclosure be?
__ hour rated for buildings less than __ stories in height and __ hour fire rated for buildings __ stories or greater
11. Recirculation can be hazardous under fire conditions if?
Products of combustion are drawn through the ____ system and distributed throughout the building
8. - pathways
- integrity
- space
9. 90A
10. - 1 . 4
- 2 . 4
11. HVAC
73
12. To prevent the recirculation of smoke through HVAC systems and to facilitate removal of smoke, some types of HVAC systems can be switched from normal operating mode to?
___ ___ mode
13. The primary advantage of an automatic system is the?
Relatively ___ ____, even when occupants are absent or asleep
14. A primary disadvantage of an automatic system is?
The number of elements that must be coordinated for maximum benefit, including
- __ alarm
- ___ sprinkler
- ___ zones
15. When a system has both automatic and manual capability, the manual operations shall?
Take ____ over the automatic control
12. smoke control
13. fast activation
14. - fire
- automatic
- HVAC
15.prioriy
74
16. The primary disadvantage of manual operation is,
It's __ activation, compared to automatic operation
17. The advantages to manual control include elimination of system disruption due to?
___ alarms and more ___ system control
18. The depth of a curtain board will vary depending on the nature of the hazards within an occupancy, but should not be less than?
__% of the ceiling height
They are spaced not father apart than eight times the ceiling height
19. The size and spacing of smoke and heat vents depend on the?
___ to ___ height of a building and the nature of the contents
20. NFPA ___
Standard for smoke and heat venting
21. Smoke and heat vents are less effective when used in conjunction with?
___ ____
16. slow
17. false . specific
18. 20
19. floor . ceiling
20. 204
21. sprinkler systems
75
1. ____ _____
A structural design that minimizes the use of space while still protecting stairways from the products of combustion
2. ___ ____ ____
Uses a fan to supply air to a stairwell at a single point.
3. A limitation of the single injection system is that if stairway door are open at a point close to the air supply?
All the air pressure can flow directly ___ of the stairwell
1. pressurized stairwells
2. single injection system
3. out
76
4. ____-____ ____:
Use several discharge points along an air supply shaft running parallel to the stairwell from the supply fan
5. In a compensated system, the airflow into the stairwell can be adjusted depending on?
The ____ of doors that may be open
4. multiple- injection systems
| 5. number
77
```
1. high voltage equipment is defined as?
Operating at ____ volts or more
2. Low voltage equipment operates at?
Less than ___ volts
3. Transformers
Convert high voltage electricity from the electric utility service to an ___ voltage for building systems use
4. Oil cooled or oil filled transformers contain oil to conduct heat away from the core and also to electrically insulate internal components from?
_____
```
1. 600
2. 600
3. appropriate
4. arching
78
5. Older transformer cooling oils contain
Highly Hazardous ______ ______ (PCB)
pg. 129
6. Transformers containing PCBs are required to?
Be labeled
7. When transformers are inside, codes require that the transformer room or vaults be enclosed in?
3 hour fire rated construction if not protected by automatic sprinklers
1 hour fire rated construction with sprinklers
5. Polychlorinated Biphenyls
6. labeled
7. - 3
- 1
79
- converts high voltage electricity from the electric utility service to an appropriate voltage for building system use
transformers
80
The electric utility supplies many buildings with ___ services, which can carry the same amount of energy in smaller wire and conduit when compared to traditional ___ services.
480/277 volt
| 120/240 volt
81
The electricity is used at ___ by HVAC equipment, refrigeration and other motors.
used at ____by light fixture ballasts
480
277
480
| 277
82
Dry transformers are located throughout the building to step down the voltage to ____for use in resources such as office equipment etc
120 volts
83
Generators: fire codes typically limit the tank to ___for diesel fuel
60 gallons
84
emergency power supplies that require batteries commonly use __ __ type storage batteries or another safer, type of battery in a stationary storage battery system
lead acid
85
Overpressure relief in a stairwell is accomplished through the use of ____ that open to the outside relieving excess pressure in the stairwell
dampers
