BC 3

Question 1

reactions (R)

Answer 1

the forces within a structure that resist applied loads

Question 2

loads (L)

Answer 2

applied loads

Question 3

equilibrium

Answer 3

when a structure can support a load equal to or less greater than L

Question 4

stresses

Answer 4

tension-pull apart or tensile stress
compression- squeezes
shear- slides one plane against adjacent plane

Question 5

external load alignments unique stresses

Answer 5

axial load
eccentric lad
torsional load

Question 6

water live load

Answer 6

water at a depth of 3 inches will cause 21 lbs/sq foot

Question 7

primary consideration for wind load calculations

Answer 7

direct pressure

Question 8

typical lifespan of a building

Answer 8

50 years

Question 9

most significant force generated by earthquake

Answer 9

lateral

Question 10

base isolation

Answer 10

shear systems-elastomeric bearings placed in a layer between the building and foundation
siding systems- special plates that slide on each other in order to isolate the building from horizontal shear force

Question 11

soil pressure

Answer 11

exerts lateral load against foundation

Question 12

active soil pressure

Answer 12

the pressure exerted by the soil against the foundation

Question 13

passive soil pressure

Answer 13

the force of the foundation against the soil

Question 14

soil liquification

Answer 14

sandy soil near water is looser and saturated with water and entrapped water prevents sand particles from moving closer together reducing the soils ability to support a structure

Question 15

beam

Answer 15

member that carries loads perpendicular to its longetudinal dimension

Question 16

I beam

Answer 16

top flange of the beam carries compressive stress. bottom flange of the beam carries tensile stress. center horizontal line of the web is known as the neutral exit because the tensile and compressive stresses are zero but the neutral axis is the maximum point of shear stress

Question 17

columns

Answer 17

structural members designed to support axial loads

tall thin columns fail by buckling
short buckle fail by crushing

Question 18

arch

Answer 18

curved structural member with primarily compressive interior stresses

Question 19

cables

Answer 19

usually straight
curve when supporting loads over a distance
tensiles stress

Question 20

trusses

Answer 20

framed structural units made of groups of triangles in one plane
true truss is made only of straight members
top and bottom are called chords
middle section called web or diagonals

Question 21

lightweight steel trusses

Answer 21

bar joists

Question 22

connectors used with steel trusses

Answer 22

steel gusset plates
rivets
welds

Question 23

connectors used with wood trusses

Answer 23

pins or bolts
gusset plates
structural adhesives
brackets
metal straps

Question 24

space frames

Answer 24

3 dimensional truss
well suited to support uniformly distributed loads

Question 25

common materials for load bearing walls

Answer 25

concrete blocks
brick
stone
solid wood
concrete panels

Question 26

bearing walls support spanning elements such as

Answer 26

beams
trusses
precast concrete slabs

Question 27

steel stud wall construction

Answer 27

studs are placed 12-16 inches apart

Question 28

post and beam construction

Answer 28

transverse loads
needs diagonal braces to support lateral loads
posts may be 6x8 inches when supporting roofs only

Question 29

rigid frame

Answer 29

reinforced columns and beams to transmit bending stress is joints
often single story with gabled rood

Question 30

slab and column frames

Answer 30

common concrete framing system
high stress loads at connections usually reinforced by capitol or drop panel