BC - unit 5 Flashcards
(105 cards)
1
Q
3 biocompounds of nucleic acid
A
heterocyclic nitrogen base
pentose
phosphate
2
Q
2 types of pentose
A
ribose
deoxyribose
3
Q
pentose is the ___ portion of the nucleic acid
A
sugar
4
Q
___ ___ is a precursor for ATP
A
adenosine monophosphate
5
Q
ribose is a ___ ring
A
furan
6
Q
2 -OH on ribose are for?
A
joining a nucleotide
identifying ribose from deoxyribose
7
Q
what 2 nucleotides are purines
A
adenine
guanine
8
Q
what 3 nucleotides are pyrimidines?
A
cytosine
uracil
thymine
9
Q
AUCG –>
A
DNA
10
Q
AUCG–>
A
RNA
11
Q
monomers of nucleic acid store and transfer ___ for biochemical reactions like ____ and ___
A
energy
ATP
GTP
12
Q
monomers of nucleic acids form ____ ____ like cAMP and cGMP
A
secondary messengers
13
Q
monomers of nucleic acids form some _____
A
coenzymes
14
Q
coenzymeshelp change conformation of ____
A
proteins
15
Q
FMN/FAD is a coenzyme that is a derivative of vit ____
A
B2
16
Q
NAD/NADP is a coenzympe that is a derivative of vit ____
A
B3
17
Q
CoASH is a coenzyme that is a derivative of vit ____
A
B5
18
Q
monomers of nucleic acids ___ some molecules
A
activate
19
Q
polymers of nucleotides form ___ and ___
A
DNA
RNA
20
Q
RNA contains a ___
A
ribose
21
Q
DNA contains a ____
A
deoxyribose
22
Q
deoxyribose has ___ OH
A
one
23
Q
ribose has __ OH
A
2
24
Q
purines possess a __-ring heteronitrogen structure
A
2
25
4 purines that occur in nucleic acids or their metabolites
adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
Xanthine (X)
Hypoxanthine (Hx)
26
3 purines that occur in foods
caffeine
theophylline
theobromine
27
pyrimidines possess a __-ring heteronitorgen structure
1
28
1 pyrimadine that is found in both RNA and DNA
Cytosine (C)
29
1 pyrimidine that is found in only DNA
Thymine (T)
30
1 pyrimidine that is found in only RNA
Uracil (U)
31
Ribose occurs in ____
RNA
32
deoxyribose occurs in ____
DNA
33
RNA stands for?
ribonucleic acid
34
DNA stands for?
deoxyribonucleic acid
35
nucleoside is ____ ____ + ___
nitrogen base + pentose
36
nucleotide is ___ + ____
nucleoside + pentose
37
___ is a monomer of nucleic acid
nucleotide
38
synthetic bases have altered ___ ___ or ___
nitrogen bases
| sugars
39
synthetic nitrogen bases, nucleosides or nucleotide analogs are used as drugs to treat ___, prevent ____ reactions in organ transplants or suppress ___ growth
cancer
immunological
viral
40
mechanisms of action for synthetics:
- inhibit ___ of nucleic acid synthesis
- incorporate into __ and alter subsequent ___ synthesis
enzyme
DNA
DNA
41
5-fluorouracil is a ___ analog
thymine
42
5-fluorouracil blocks ___ synthesis
pyrimidine
43
5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine is a ____ analog
thymidine
44
5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine blocks ____ kinase
thymidine
45
5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine is a ___ treatment
cancer
46
5-fluorouracil is a ___ treatment
cancer
47
AraC is a ___ analog
cytidine
48
AraC is ___ treatment
cancer
49
Allopurinol i a ___ analog
purine
50
Allopurinol blocks ___ ___ synthesis
uric acid
51
Allopurinol is a ___ treatment
gout
52
AZT is a ___ analog
thymidine
53
AZT is used to block the replication of the ___ virum
HIV
54
AZT is used for the ____/_____ of AIDS
prevention
| delay
55
DNA is a ____phosphate ____nucleotides
mono
| deoxy
56
4 nucleotides of DNA
A
T
G
C
57
the head of DNA has a free ____ called the __ ___ or ___ ___
phosphate
5' phosphate
5' end
58
the tail of DNA has a free ____ group on the 3'-carbon of the deoxyribose of the last nucleotide called the ___ ___ or __ ___
-OH
3' hydroxyl
3'end
59
____ bonds: connects monomers together
phosphodiester
60
____ bond: bond that holds phosphates together, like in ATP, ADP
phophoanhydride
61
DNA is usually ___ helix formed by base pairs attached to a ___-___ backbone
double
| sugar-phosphate
62
double helix is usually ____-____
anti-parallel
63
__ form of DNA is predominant in humans: ____ handed
B
| right
64
double helix maintained by ___ bonds between nitrogen bases
hydrogen
65
A bonds with T with _ H-Bonds
2
66
C bonds with C with ___ H-bonds
3
67
are H-bonds strong?
no
68
denaturation
melting the proteins and DNA
69
if incubated in a buffer it will ___ or ___
renature
| hybridize
70
central dogma
DNA --> RNA ---> proteins
71
____: segment of DNA that serves as a template for the biosynthesis of RNA
gene
72
since DNA is double stranded, 1 base is called a ___
base pair
73
___: the gene DNA from which mature RNA is made
exon
74
___: the part of RNA that is removed
intron
75
transcription
DNA --> RNA
76
DNA gives off 2 strands for transcription
template
| coding
77
template strand is the ___ strand
sense
78
coding strand is the ____ strand
antisense
79
strand is always ___ stranded, coded ___--> ___, and ___-____
single
5-->3
antiparallel
80
```
when RNA is coded"
A goes with ____
T goes with ____
C goes with ____
G goes with ____
```
U
A
G
C
81
RNA is ___ stranded
single
82
3 types of RNA
rRNA
mRNA
tRNA
83
rRNA stands for___ RNA and accounts for __% of total RNA
ribosomal
| 75
84
mRNA stands for ___ RNA and accounts for __% of total RNA
messenger
| 5
85
tRNA stands for ___ RNA and accounts for __% of total RNA
transfer
| 20
86
ribosomal RNA brings the ____ for protein synthesis
machinery
87
messenger RNA is the _____
template
88
transfer RNA brings in the ___ ___ to the machinery
amino acid
89
4 classes of rRNA based on size
5S
5.8S
18S
28S
90
ribosomal RNAs bind protein to form ___
ribosomes
91
40S ribosomes formed from ___ rRNA and protein
18S
92
60S ribosomes from ___, ___, and ___ rRNA and protein
5S
5.8S
28S
93
40S and 60S form ___ ribosomes, to anchor ___, aminoacyl ___ and the growing ___
80S
mRNA
tRNA
protein
94
mRNA contains the __ for directing the sequence of amino acids of a polypeptide (protein)
codon
95
each mRNA has a __ at the 5' end which is 7-methylguanosine triphosphate (___)
cap
| GmTP
96
following the cap on the mRNA is an ____ codon ___
initiation
| AUG
97
AUG codes for
Methionine
98
a tail of an mRNa at the ___ end is made of many adenosine monophosphate called a ___-__ ___
3'
| poly-A tail
99
___: three monophosphate nucleotides that code for a particular amino acid
codon
100
the size of each mRNA varies according to the size of the ___ gene
respective
101
tRNA is very ___
small
102
tRNA has a ___ structure
cloverleaf
103
tRNAs transfer the amino acids to the ___ site where protein synthesis is taking place
ribosomal
104
at least ___ tRNAs
20
105
____: Matches a codon on mRNA
anicodon
