BCBA workbook - TASK List B

Question 1

motivating operations

Answer 1

Environmental variables that alter the effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event as a reinforcer.

Question 2

establishing operations

Answer 2

Increases the current effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event as reinforcement.

Question 3

abolishing operations

Answer 3

Decreases the current effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event as reinforcement.

Question 4

rule-governed behavior

Answer 4

Behavior that is the result of known rules.

Question 5

contingency-shaped behavior

Answer 5

Learned behavior based on the reinforcement or punishment that the individual is exposed to by their actions.

Question 6

extinction

Answer 6

The omission of previously delivered unconditioned stimuli or reinforcers.

Question 7

stimulus control

Answer 7

When a behavior is emitted more often in the presence of an antecedent than in its absence because of its history of reinforcement, punishment or extinction.

Question 8

discrimination

Answer 8

eaching a client how to tell the difference between two or more stimuli.

Question 9

generalization

Answer 9

Teaching learned targets in the natural environment.

Question 10

maintenance

Answer 10

Including a mastered item or skill into programs in an effort to maintain previously learned items or skills.

Question 11

respondent conditioning

Answer 11

Occurs when a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus. Also known as Pavlovian Conditioning or classic conditioning.

Question 12

operant conditioning

Answer 12

The process of learning through reinforcement and punishment.

Question 13

postive reinforcement

Answer 13

The introduction of a desirable or pleasant stimulus after a behavior. The desirable stimulus reinforces the behavior, making it more likely that the behavior will reoccur.

Question 14

negative reinforcement

Answer 14

The removal of an aversive stimulus in an effort to increase the likelihood of a targeted behavior in the future.

Question 15

continuous reinforcement

Answer 15

The desired behavior is reinforced every single time it occurs.

Question 16

partial reinforcement

Answer 16

A desired behavior is reinforced on a predetermined schedule, not every single time it occurs.

Question 17

behavior

Answer 17

Any activity of an organism, any movement by the organism.

Question 18

response

Answer 18

A specific instance (one occurrence) of a behavior.

Question 19

response class

Answer 19

A group of topographically different responses (e.g., they look different) that generate the same consequence (e.g., they serve the same function).

Question 20

stimulus

Answer 20

Anything that a person can experience through their senses, anything that can be seen, heard, smelled, felt, or tasted.

Question 21

stimulus class

Answer 21

A group of antecedent stimuli that have a common effect on an operant class. Tend to evoke or abate the same behavior or response class.

Question 22

fixed ratio

Answer 22

reinforce every nth response.

Question 23

variable ratio

Answer 23

reinforce roughly every nth response

Question 24

fixed interval

Answer 24

reinforce after n amount of time.

Question 25

variable interval

Answer 25

reinforce roughly after n amount of time.

Question 26

reflexivity

Answer 26

A type of stimulus-to-stimulus relation in which the learner, without any prior training or reinforcement for doing so, selects a comparison stimulus that is the same as the sample stimulus (e.g., A=A).

Question 27

symmetry

Answer 27

A type of stimulus-to-stimulus relationship in which the learner, without prior training or reinforcement for doing so, demonstrates the reversibility of matched sample and comparison stimuli (e.g., if A = B, then B = A).

Question 28

transitivity

Answer 28

A derived (i.e., untrained) stimulus-stimulus relation (e.g., A = C, C = A) that emerges as a product of training two other stimulus-stimulus relations (e.g., A = B, B = C).

Question 29

While out on a walk, Rebecca saw a dog, pointed at the dog, and said “Dog!” This is an example of the ________________ verbal operant.

Answer 29

tact

Question 30

______________________________________ is also known as Pavlovian conditioning and occurs when a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

Answer 30

respondent conditioning

Question 31

______________________________________ is a naturally occurring reinforcement, such as food, sleep, or warmth.

Answer 31

unconditioned reinforcement

Question 32

Anything that a person can experience through their senses, anything that can be seen, heard, smelled, felt, or tasted is a(n) ____.

Answer 32

stimulus

Question 33

When learned behaviors are not reinforced like they once were, you are creating a(n) ______, which will result in the behavior gradually disappearing.

Answer 33

extinction

Question 34

Giving a child a piece of popcorn after 2 claps, then another piece after 5 claps, and then another piece after 3 claps is known as a(n) ______________________________ schedule.

Answer 34

variable ratio

Question 35

Environmental variables that alter the effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event as a reinforcer are called ______.

Answer 35

motivating operations

Question 36

In a successful ____relationship, a learner is taught when presented with a picture of grapes (sample stimulus A) to select the written word grapes (sample stimulus B). When presented with the written word grapes (sample stimulus B), without additional training or reinforcement, the learner selects the picture of grapes (sample stimulus A).

Answer 36

symmetry

Question 37

Marcia’s personal trainer gives her a form of verbal praise exactly every 30 seconds as she is running. This is known as a(n) ______schedule.

Answer 37

fixed intervals

Question 38

Luka sees his mom starting to make breakfast and he says, “Can I have oatmeal?” This is an example of the ________________ verbal operant.

Answer 38

mand

Question 39

Any activity of an organism, or any movement by the organism is considered a(n) ____.

Answer 39

behavior

Question 40

When teaching ___, you are essentially training a learner to tell the difference between two or more different items.

Answer 40

discrimination

Question 41

________ is a previously neutral stimuli that has become a reinforcer through association with an established reinforcer, such as the physical tokens on a token board that, when earned for a specific behavior, earns a child a treat.

Answer 41

conditioned reinforcement

Question 42

You tell your child that he/she can stay up one extra hour late at night if he/she finishes his/her chores. Your child being able to stay up one extra hour late is contingent on chore completion. This is called _____

Answer 42

operant conditioning

Question 43

n a successful _____ relationship, you could say “bird” and show a child a picture of a bird, then show a picture of a bird and match it to a real bird in a cage. In this example, the relationship of saying bird for the caged animal is acquired.

Answer 43

transitivity

Question 44

A stimulus which has acquired reinforcing properties through repeated pairings, like money or affection, is called a(n) _____

Answer 44

generalized reinforcers

Question 45

An environmental manipulation that increases the current effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event as reinforcement is called a(n) ____

Answer 45

establishing operations

Question 46

Chuckie’s therapist gives the command ”Say red,” and Chuckie responds by saying “Red.” This is known as the ____verbal operant.

Answer 46

echoic

Question 47

Introducing a desirable or pleasant stimulus after a behavior in an attempt to increase the likelihood of that behavior happening again in the future is called ___

Answer 47

positive reinforcement

Question 48

Reinforcing a behavior after 1 minute, then 3 minutes, and then 2 minutes is known as a(n) ______________________________ schedule.

Answer 48

variable interval

Question 49

An inherent and naturally punishing stimulus, such as pain, is called a(n) _____

Answer 49

unconditioned punisher

Question 50

Introducing an aversive stimulus after a behavior in an attempt to decrease the likelihood of that behavior happening again in the future is called _____

Answer 50

positive punishment

Question 51

A specific instance of a behavior is called a(n) _______________________________. An example would be a child doing their homework; each problem they complete would be considered a(n) _____

Answer 51

response

Question 52

Teaching a child the word ‘bird’ with different pictures of various types of birds would aid in the ____of the word.

Answer 52

generalization

Question 53

Removal of an aversive stimulus after a behavior in an attempt to increase the likelihood of that behavior happening again in the future is called _____.

Answer 53

negative reinforcement

Question 54

In gym class, Trevor follows his teacher’s lead and stomps his feet when she models the action and tells him to do what she does. This teacher is using ____to teach this behavior.

Answer 54

motor imitation

Question 55

Max’s mom asks him what his favorite color is, and he says, “My favorite color is green.” This conversational response is known as the _____ verbal operant.

Answer 55

intraverbal

Question 56

Learned behavior based on the reinforcement or punishment that the individual is exposed to by their actions, such as earning a paycheck for showing up to work, is a ____

Answer 56

contingency shaped behavior

Question 57

Removal of a pleasant or desirable stimulus after a behavior in an attempt to decrease the likelihood of that behavior happening again in the future is called ___

Answer 57

negative punishment

Question 58

An environmental manipulation that decreases the current effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event as reinforcement is called a(n) ___

Answer 58

abolishing operations

Question 59

The behavior of squinting one’s eyes can be caused by bright sunlight, turning on a light in the middle of the night, or strong wind. These stimuli, as a group, have a common effect on an operant class (the eyes) and are therefore known as a(n) ___

Answer 59

stimulus class

Question 60

Including random rotation of previously mastered skills into discrete trials can help with skill repertoire ___

Answer 60

maintenance

Question 61

When reinforcement is not given after every response, but instead follows some variation of a schedule, it is known as _____

Answer 61

partial reinforcement

Question 62

Sullan’s dad says, “Give me a high five!” and Sullan gives him a high five. This is known as the ____verbal operant, or following directions.

Answer 62

listener responding

Question 63

A _____ is a previously neutral stimulus change that functions as a punisher due to pairing with one or more other punishers.

Answer 63

conditioned punisher

Question 64

A group of different responses (meaning they look different) that result in the same consequence (they serve the same function) are called a(n) _____

Answer 64

response class

Question 65

Any reinforcement or punishment that is delivered in whole or in part by another person is considered a(n) ___

Answer 65

generalized punisher

Question 66

Darius’ therapist hands him a picture of a brown dog and says, “Match.” Darius then matches the picture to another picture of a brown dog. This is called ___

Answer 66

VPMTS

Question 67

When reinforcing Dylan for writing his spelling words, his aide gives him an M+M after exactly every 5th word written. This is known as a(n) __ schedule

Answer 67

fixed ratio

Question 68

The reason that Pam doesn’t shout out in the middle of class is because she knows that her teacher does not allow it. Pam staying quiet during class is a(n) ___

Answer 68

rule governed behavior

Question 69

Shouting out “No!” or “Don’t do that!” is considered a(n) ____ because it is a stimulus that is not naturally punishing, but due to its association with punishing stimuli, it now has a punishing effect.

Answer 69

generalized punisher

Question 70

Any reinforcement or punishment (consequence) that is produced directly by a response independent of the actions of another person is considered a(n) ___

Answer 70

automatic contingency