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Beef Production Industry Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

What are the roles of the veterinarian in quality food production?

A

Animal health and well-being, support of producer in managing the health and productivity of his animals, and to monitor the safety and wholesomeness of animals entering the food chain

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2
Q

What is the percentage of fed-beef cows that are under 20 mo.?

A

85%

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3
Q

What are the 4 phases of beef production?

A

Cow-calf, stocker-grower, finishing/fed cattle, consumption

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4
Q

Describe the cow-calf phase

A

Propagation of new animals, cows maintained on less-tillable land, minimal resource inputs, grass farming - ‘grass harvesting’, calves raised to weaning

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5
Q

What is the weaning age and weight of a calves at the end of the cow-calf phase?

A

7-9 mo; 500 lbs

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6
Q

Describe the stocker-grower phase

A

Calves usually purchased, fed high forage ration - grass harvesting, or small grain gleaning, minimal resource inputs, and growing phase = 8-15 mo.

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7
Q

Describe the finishing phase

A

Production of ‘finished’ animals - market weight/grade = 90-150 d, intensive confinement operation, fed mixed concentrate ration; commodities feeding, abundant, high energy feeds

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8
Q

What are the average lengths of each phase of the beef production system?

A

Calving/cow-calf phase: 6-8 mo Weaning and stocker phase: 4-8 mo. Feedlot: 4-6 mo. Harvest and fabrication: 2-4d Total time = 14-22 mo.

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9
Q

What is the mean weaning percentage and weight in Florida and how do these values compare to other places around the U.S.?

A

75% and 480 lb; both values are lower than the average in the U.S.

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10
Q

Hereford’s look very similar to what other breed? Why is differentiating them especially important?

A

They resemble Simmental’s; Because of the light pigmentation around the face and the eyes, which predisposes Hereford’s to cancer

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11
Q

What are 5 Bos taurus breeds?

A

.

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12
Q

What are 5 Bos indicus breeds?

A

.

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13
Q

What are 5 cross breeds of cows?

A

.

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14
Q

When is the ideal time for the majority of calves to be born?

A

Jan - March

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15
Q

When is the breeding season?

A

April and May

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16
Q

What is the life span of the cow producing the calf?

A

About 8 years if she can stay in the herd, but some can be up to 15 years

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17
Q

Around what time of year is weaning done?

A

September

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18
Q

What are some things important to cow survival during calving season?

A

Parasitism, F. Hepatica, Clostridium hemolyticum, Johne’s, LSA

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19
Q

What are some nutritional factors that can affect cow health during calving season?

A

Forage management, protein/energy, minerals, Se, Co, Cu, P, BCS

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20
Q

What are some GI disease factors that can affect cow health during calving season?

A

Bloat and grass tetany

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21
Q

What are some toxicosis factors that can affect cow health during calving season?

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A

Plant (nitrates, alkaloids), heavy metals

22
Q

What are some external parasites that can affect cow health during calving season?

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A

Lice, mites, flies/grubs, ticks

23
Q

What are some internal parasites that can affect cow health during calving season?

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A

Hemonchus, ostertagia, trichostrongyles, flukes

24
Q

What are some sources of trauma that can affect cow health during calving season?

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A

Handling, facilities, lightning, bites/stings

25
What are some diseases that can affect cow health during calving season?
SCC, lameness, wooden tongue, lumpy jaw
26
What are some factors that can affect conception and pregnancy in cows?
* Bull repro soundness - breeding soundness, venereal dz * Nutritional state - BCS, mineral nutrition * Dz risk - T. Fetus, C. Fetus venerealis, IBR, BVD
27
What are some things that might affect a cow during the time of conception?
Cow cyclicity - lactational anestrus Uterine health - dystocia, retained fetal membranes, endometritis/metritis Nutritional - BCS
28
What are some breeding management factors that can affect the cow and/or calf?
Defined season, natural service, estrus synchronization, AI, ET
29
What types of things can adversely affect a cow during her pregnancy?
Bacterial species, viruses, toxins, iatrogenic and spontaneous causes
30
What are we concerned about when the cow is delivering the calf?
Birth weight- dystocia risk or genetic risk, pelvic area, uterine mal-position, maternal traits
31
What are possible risk factors for neonatal survival?
GI dz - E. Coli, resp dz - diphtheria/pneumonia, septicemia, abomasal ulcers, patent urachus, starvation, predation
32
What are some factors that can adversely affect neonatal health?
Trauma - handling/processing, climate - frostbite, congenital defects - dwarfism, cleft palate, atresia of rectum/anus, arthrogryposis
33
What are some diseases and toxins that can affect the survival of the growing calf?
* GI/muscle dz - Clostridium, blackleg * Parasitism - hemonchus, ostertagia * Resp dz - dictocaulus * Anaplasma * Toxins - plant, heavy metals, chemical agents, trauma
34
What things might occur during processing of the calf that can affect it adversely?
Castration - trauma, Cl. Tetany, dehorning - sinusitis, fly strike, immunization - inj site reactions, abscesses
35
What things do you want to maintain in uniformity in weaned calves?
Gender, frame and weight, breed-type, processing, immunization
36
Describe beef industry segmentation
Ownership is frequently transferred, and there’s interaction b/t production phases
37
What are some health concerns you might have for stocker calves?
External parasites (e.g. lice, mites), internal parasites (e.g. hemonchus, ostertagia), lepto, proper nutrition, resp dz. (e.g. IBR, PI3), GI dz (e.g. Clostridium, coccidiosis)
38
What are some diseases you should be concerned for in caring for feeder/finisher calves?
GI dz (e.g. clostridium, enterotoxemia), metabolic dz (acidosis/reminitis, liver abscesses), resp dz, urethral obstruction, foot rot, TEME
39
What are 5 health management tools you should use for beef cattle medicine?
Identification, husbandry, nutrition, immunization, parasite control
40
What are examples of immunizing vehicles and what are some features of each?
Killed virus, modified live vaccine (reduced virulence, attenuated), nasal virus (temp specific agent), non-replicating MLV (temp specific), killed bacteria/bacterin (inactivated, killed bacteria), live bacteria (live bacteria with altered virulence), and toxoids (chemically inactivated toxic products)
41
What are 4 factors that influence maternal antibody interference?
Virus type (non-CMI stimulating viruses), level of existing maternal antibody, vaccine antigen and preparation (passage), route of admin
42
What is the degree of parasitism in a cow dependent on?
Age, weather, environment, stocking rate, pasture management, parasite type
43
Parasite losses vary based on what, and what are examples of some of these losses?
Vary by age and type of management; primarily subclinical CS - weight loss, poor feed utilization, low conception rates, increased time to breeding, suboptimal performance
44
What are some strategies for parasite control?
* Minimize pasture contamination: de-worm at start of grazing season/before egg shedding occurs * time therapy to seasonal grazing patterns * Balance stocking rates * Rotate pastures * Consider refugia-based
45
What is involved in pre-calving processing?
Immunization, parasite control, pre-partum evals, BCS, weigh, confirm pregnancy
46
What is involved in pre-breeding processing?
Immunization (C. Fetus, L. Interogans), parasite control (class 3 parasiticide), general observation/udder exam, BCS, weigh, postpartum repro exam
47
What things are you looking for when breeding the cow (60-90d)?
NO immunization or parasite control, observe for estrus, and synchronize estrus/AI
48
What things should be performed during a post-breeding exam?
Immunization (L. Interogans, optional), internal/external parasite control, repro exam for pregnancy, BCS, weigh, health
49
What two tests are run at the mid-year animal evaluation?
Johne’s test and Brucellosis test
50
What is included in standard newborn calf care?
Constant surveillance and well equipped calving area, cleanliness and lube during calving, clear mucus from airways and proper umbilical care, standing and nursing within 2-6hrs, provide post-partum cow and calf care
51
What things can you do to challenge disease?
Reduce exposure to dz agents, colostrum, good animal husbandry, immunization of dam and/or newborn, antibiotic therapy
52
When should dehorning, castration, and supernumerary teat removal be done?
Calf processing - 4-6 months age

Prevention & Production Medicine (17 decks)

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