Beginning of the Persian Wars Flashcards
(27 cards)
What regions had Greek settlements in ancient times?
Greece, Italy, France, Crimea, Turkey, Romania, Africa
Who is considered the first known historian?
Herodotus
Where was Herodotus born?
Halicarnassus in Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey)
What is the title of Herodotus’ work?
The Histories
In which decade did Herodotus presumably live in Athens?
440 – 430
What was a major issue with the oral retelling of historical events?
Over exaggeration and loss of key details
What bias did Herodotus have in his writings?
Favoring Athenians and being hostile to their enemies
What significant revolt occurred in 499?
The Ionian revolt
Who was the lead General appointed by Darius for the Greek campaign?
Mardonius
What gesture did Darius use to symbolize acceptance of Persian rule?
Bringing him ‘earth and water’
Which Greek states refused to submit to Darius’ demands?
Sparta and Athens
What was the motivation behind Athens resisting the Persians?
To protect their newly established democracy
What was Darius’ perception of himself?
A ruler chosen by the Persian god Ahura Mazda
What was the outcome of the Persian invasion in 490?
Persians captured Naxos and Eretria but faced resistance
What was the Greek alliance formed to resist the Persians called?
The Hellenic League
What key decision did the Hellenic League make regarding mutual defense?
Provide mutual defense for all enemies, not just Persia
Where did the Greeks decide to engage the Persians during the Battle of Thermopylae?
At the narrow strait of Thermopylae
Who was Demaratus and what role did he play?
Deposed king of Sparta who advised Xerxes
What strategy did the Greeks employ at the Battle of Salamis?
Luring the Persians into their line of defense and attacking from the sides
What happened to the Athenians during Mardonius’ march towards Athens?
The city was evacuated
What was the outcome of the Battle of Mycale?
Successful Greek victory and Ionians joining the Hellenic League
Fill in the blank: Herodotus reports that the Greeks won the wars due to the _______.
Athenian navy
True or False: The Athenians accepted Persian rule during the negotiations at Salamis.
False
What did the Greeks decide at their first meeting of the Hellenic League?
- An oath to resist the Persians
- A pledge to not secede
- Provide mutual defense for all enemies
- Sparta would provide military leadership
- Major decisions made by congress
