Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DPT 520 > Behavior, Emotions, Decision Making, and Personality > Flashcards

Behavior, Emotions, Decision Making, and Personality Flashcards

1
Q

what are the association areas of the brain?

A

temporal pole (ant end of the temporal lobe)

pre-frontal cortex (lat, med, ventral, and cortico-basal ganglia-thalamus circuit)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the fxns of the association areas?

A

goal-directed behavior, emotions, decision making, social behavior, and personality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where is the dorsal cingulate cortex located?

A

part of the med prefrontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where is the rostral cingulate cortex located?

A

part of the ventral prefrontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

t/f: the association areas are not directly involved in motor and sensory fxns, but pass info bw motor and sensory structures

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the fxns of the lat prefrontal cortex?

A

executive fxn and divergent thinking in goal directed behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is executive fxning?

A

deciding on a goal

planning on how to accomplish goals

exciting the plane

monitoring the execution of the plan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is divergent thinking?

A

ability to think about alternatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what structures are involved in the goal-directed behavior loop

A

GP, VA, head of caudate, and lat prefrontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

t/f: goal-directed behavior requires working memory, judgement, planning, abstract reasoning, dividing attention, and sequencing activity

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the role of the med prefrontal cortex and temporal pole?

A

to identify emotional stimuli, generate, and perceive emotions (of your own and of others)

emotional regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what structures are involved in automatic emotional regulation?

A

rostral cingulate cortex, med and ventral prefrontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what structures are involved in voluntary emotional regulation?

A

rostral cingulate cortex and ventral prefrontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the 5 strucutures involved in recognizing emotional stim, perceiving, and generating emotion?

A

1) amygdala
2) area 25
3) medial thalamic nucleus
4) ant insula
5) ventral striatum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what NT is involved in reward seeking behavior?

A

dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is involved in the reward seeking pathway?

A

ventral tegmental area (VTA in midbrain) to ventral striatum

dopamine to the central striatum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is involved in the aversion pathway?

A

VTA –>mPFC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what structures are involved in motivation and emotion?

A

mPFC

ventral striatum

med thalamic nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is involved in the social behavior pathway?

A

reward and emotion in of used to guide behavior and inhibit undesirable behavior

activated when making social decisions

self control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is involved in decision making?

A

lat PFC, emotional/limbic system, and social behavior loops of the basal ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the stimulus coding system?

A

value of the stim

ventromedial PFC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the action selection system?

A

what do you do next?

ant cingulate, lat prefrontal, parietal corticies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the expected reward system?

A

ventral striatum, amygdala, ant insula

24
Q

what is the psychological and somatic interaction with stress?

A

there is chemical signaling bw the NS and immune system in response to stress

NT and hormones modulate immune cells

cytokines regulate the neuroendocrine system

25
Q

what is the stress response?

A

rxn to experiences disrupting hormones

26
Q

when there is sympathetic activation, what is released?

A

cytokines

27
Q

what is the loop of the stress inducede interaction of the psychological and somatic systems?

A

sensation–>amygdala and prefrontal cortex interpret the stimuli as a threat–> hypothalamus–>pituitary, autonomic NS–>immune system–>immune cells, cytokines–> hypothalamus and so forth

28
Q

what happens in the somatic NS with stress?

A

increased muscle tension (ie tight UT)

29
Q

what happens in the autonomic NS with stress?

A

increased sympathetic activity

increased blood flow to the muscles

decreased blood flow to the skin, kidneys, and digestive tract

30
Q

what happens in the neuroendocrine system with stress?

A

sympathetic nerve stimulation of the adrenal medulla releases epinephrine

increases HR, cardiac contractility, metabolic rate

relaxes intestinal smooth muscle

31
Q

what do sympathetic nerve endings in the thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow release?

A

NE and peptide

32
Q

what do the sympathetic nerve endings in the adrenal medulla release?

A

epinephrine

33
Q

what do the sympathetic nerve endings in the sympathetic NS release?

A

NE

34
Q

what does the pituitary activation of the adrenal cortex release?

A

cortisol

35
Q

what do blood platelets release?

A

secrete more ATP

36
Q

what happens if there is a prefrontal cortex lesion?

A

loss of prefrontal cortex emotional regulation

lat prefrontal syndrome

med prefrontal syndrome

37
Q

what does a loss of prefrontal cortex emotional regulation lead to?

A

emotional lability

occurs in about 50% of ppl with ALS, MS, or TBI

38
Q

what is lat prefrontal syndrome?

A

loss of goal directed behavior and divergent thinking

unable to set a goal, plan, execute a plan, and monitor the execution of a plan (all actions of goal directing behavior lost even with normal intelligence)

39
Q

what is med prefrontal syndrome?

A

apathy, lack of emotion, and insight

bilateral damage=profound deficits and can’t initiate any activities or self care

impaired understanding of others’ emotions

40
Q

what is the result of ventral striatum disorders?

A

apathy

OCD

addiction

41
Q

what is the most common behavior abnormality secondary to ventral striatum damage?

A

apathy

42
Q

what is apathy?

A

lack of initiative, spontaneous thought, and emotional responses

43
Q

what is OCD?

A

hyperactivity of the amygdala and circuit connecting the ventral striatum, ant cingulate gyrus, and ventral prefrontal cortex

44
Q

what is addiction?

A

loss of behavioral control in response to a stim combined w/continued use of a substance, regardless of the neg consequences

45
Q

substances increase what NT in the brain?

A

dopamine

46
Q

what is the affect of dopamine in addiction?

A

creates a feeling of wanting (not pleasure)

47
Q

in addiction, there is diminished ____ ____ ____ activity, enhanced ____ ____ ____ activity

A

lat prefrontal cortex, ventral prefrontal cortex

48
Q

what is ventral prefrontal syndrome?

A

inappropriate social behavior (poor judgement, defective social intelligence)

intact goal directed activity and cognition (lat PFC and parietal cortex fxn

dissociation of voluntary and automatic regulation of social behaviors (able to ID undesirable behaviors, but still does them)

can’t learn from past experiences

49
Q

what are the characteristics of ventral prefrontal syndrome?

A

severe problems w/social fxn (employment, relationships, etc)

inability to feel empathy, embarrassment, guilt, or regret

risky and inappropriate behaviors

disinhibition, impulsiveness

lack of concern about consequences

50
Q

diffuse axonal injury primarily affects what structures?

A

basal ganglia, sup cerebellar peduncle, corpus callosum, midbrain

51
Q

when someone is in a MVA, where does the damage tend to be?

A

in the prefrontal region and ant and inf temporal cortex

52
Q

what are the types of TBIs?

A

diffuse axonal injury

concussion

CTE

53
Q

what are the affects of concussion?

A

brief loss of consciousness, temporary amnesia, brief confusion

usually no long term cognitive impairment

54
Q

what results in CTE?

A

repeated head injuries

55
Q

what does CTE result in?

A

long-term white matter pathology and neuronal loss

56
Q

what are the most frequently found s/s of post-concussion syndrome?

A

poor cognitive fxn, difficulty concentrating, irritability

57
Q

what s/s may result from TBIs?

A

poor judgement, Dec goal-directed behavior, memory deficits, slowing info processing, poor divergent thinking

impaired balance, agility, and coordination

DPT 520 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions