Behavioral Learning

Question 1

Who are the Early behaviorist?

Answer 1

John B Watson
B F Skinner
Edward Thorndike
Ivan Pavlov

Question 2

What are some key behaviorist argument?

Answer 2

1. behavior that is followed by reinforcing consequence will continue or strengthen
2. Behavior followed by punishing consequence will weaken or decrease
3. Behavior that is not reinforced will simply disappear

Question 3

Behaviorist idea of learning is usually called?

Answer 3

Learning by association

Question 4

The behaviorist view of learning is represented by what theories?

Answer 4

1. Classical conditioning

2. Operant/instrumental conditioning

Question 5

Who discovered classical conditioning?

Answer 5

Russian physiologist , Ivan P. Pavlov

Question 6

Where did Pavlov’s experiment take place?

Answer 6

Leningrad Russia in his lab

Question 7

During Ivan Pavlov’s experiment, in what sequence did he pair the UCS and the NS?

Answer 7

He introduced the UCS immediately after he had introduced the NS

Question 8

What is classical conditioning?

Answer 8

It is the formation of association between/among stimuli which originally /may have nothing in common

Question 9

What is a stimulus?

Answer 9

Any event or object in the environment that an organism responds to

Question 10

What is an unconditioned stimulus?

Answer 10

A stimulus that invokes a natural response

Question 11

What is a neutral stimulus?

Answer 11

A stimulus that doesn’t elicit any response

Question 12

What is a conditioned stimulus?

Answer 12

A previously neutral stimulus that now elicits a response after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus

Question 13

What is an unconditioned response?

Answer 13

An unlearned , inborn reaction to an unconditioned stimulus

Question 14

What is a conditioned response?

Answer 14

It is a learned response to the CS that occurs after UCS-CS pair

Question 15

Who performed the little Albert experiment?

Answer 15

1. John B.Watson
2. Rosalie Rayner
   in 1920

Question 16

What is acquisition?

Answer 16

Process by which an organism learns to associate two stimuli and respond to it

Question 17

What is stimulus generalization?

Answer 17

Responding to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus

Question 18

What is stimulus discrimination?

Answer 18

Responding to only a specific conditioned stimulus

Question 19

What is extinction?

Answer 19

It is the eventual weakening and eventual disappearance of the conditioned response as a result of repeated presentation of the CS without UCS

Question 20

What is spontaneous recovery(reacquisition)?

Answer 20

The reappearance of an extinguished response when an organism is exposed to the original CS following a rest period9

Question 21

What are some factors that influence classical conditioning?

Answer 21

1. Sequence of NS-UCS presentation
2. Number and consistency of NS-UCS pairings
3. Strength/intensity of the UCS
4. How reliably the NS predicts the UCS
5. The temporal relationship between the NS and the UCS

Question 22

What is forward conditioning?

Answer 22

NS is presented first and remains till UCS comes . It is stronger

Question 23

What is backward conditioning?

Answer 23

This is when the UCs is presented and remains till the NS is presented. creates a weaker conditioning

Question 24

What is contiguity theory?

Answer 24

The temporal relationship between the NS and the UCS and how it affects conditioning

Question 25

What is simultaneous conditioning?

Answer 25

Involves the presentation of the NS and UCS at the same time

Question 26

What is temporal conditioning?

Answer 26

UCs is presented repeatedly with a constant time interval between presentations. such that the organism produces a CR just before each occurrence of the UCS

Question 27

What is trace conditioning?

Answer 27

The onset and offset of the NS occurs before the UCS is presented