behaviour change Flashcards
(36 cards)
What is learning?
A hypothetical construct that cannot be directly observed but inferred from observable behavior
Implies a fairly permanent change in a person’s behavior.
What are the four factors that influence learning?
- Readiness
- Motivation
- Individual characteristics
- Reinforcement
These factors interact to affect a person’s learning process.
Define readiness in the context of learning.
Factors influencing ability and willingness to learn
Readiness can include emotional, physical, and psychological aspects.
What is motivation in learning?
Condition within an individual that initiates activity directed towards a goal
Motivation is crucial for engaging in the learning process.
What does ‘individual characteristics’ refer to in learning?
Backgrounds, abilities, intelligence, learning styles, interests, and personality
These factors shape how individuals learn and process information.
What is reinforcement?
Using events, actions, and behaviors to increase the likelihood of a certain response
Reinforcement can be positive or negative.
Define habituation.
Non-associative learning where an innate response to a stimulus decreases after prolonged presentation of the stimulus
An example is becoming accustomed to a loud noise over time.
Who is associated with classical conditioning?
Pavlov
Pavlov’s experiments with dogs demonstrated how behaviors can be learned through association.
Who is associated with operant conditioning?
Skinner
Skinner’s work focused on how consequences shape behavior through reinforcement.
Who is associated with observational learning?
Bandura
Bandura’s studies emphasized learning through observing others.
What does classical conditioning propose?
Behaviors can be learned through association
This involves pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response.
Learning occurs through _______
association
Association is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, indicating that learning is based on the connections made between stimuli and responses.
What power do conditioned stimuli gain?
the power to elicit responses
Conditioned stimuli can trigger responses that were previously associated with unconditioned stimuli.
What is an unconditioned stimulus?
a stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response
Unconditioned stimuli do not require prior learning to elicit a response.
What is a conditioned response?
a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus
Conditioned responses develop through classical conditioning processes.
The relationship between the unconditioned stimulus and conditioned stimulus must be _______
reflective
This reflection indicates that the association must be meaningful for the learning to occur.
Learners must be physically and mentally prepared for _______
learning
Readiness is crucial for effective learning experiences.
Mentally, learners should be _______
motivated
Motivation plays a significant role in the learning process.
Conditioned responses are strengthened through _______
repetition
Repetition is key in reinforcing learned behaviors.
Frequent training allows _______ to be corrected
errors
Regular practice helps in identifying and rectifying mistakes in learned behaviors.
Associations are reinforced through _______ rehearsal
long
Long rehearsal helps in solidifying the connections made during the learning process.
Behaviors followed by pleasant or rewarding consequences are more likely to be _______
repeated
Positive reinforcement encourages the repetition of desirable behaviors.
Positive reinforcement strengthens _______
responses and associations
This concept is central to operant conditioning, where rewards increase the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.
What does the frequency of a behavior depend on?
The consequence that follows the behavior
