Behaviourism

Question 1

Behaviourism

Answer 1

A theory that we learn how to behave through solely through conditioning as a result of interaction with the environment

Question 2

Key principle in behaviourism

Answer 2

All people are born tabula rasa
So all behaviour we display as adults has been learnt from the environment

Question 3

Tabula rasa

Answer 3

Blank slates
All genetic factors (nature) doesn’t effect our behaviour but what we learn through environment through conditioning does

Question 4

3 concepts in this perspective

Answer 4

Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Social learning theory

Question 5

Classical conditioning

Answer 5

Learning behaviour by associating behaviour with stimuli

Question 6

Example of classical conditioning

Answer 6

Pavlovs dogs

Question 7

Before conditioning of pavlovas dog

Answer 7

The dog will give an unconditioned response of drooling to an unconditioned stimuli (food)
A neutral stimuli eg a bell will give no conditioned response (does nothing)

Question 8

During conditioning of pavlovs dog

Answer 8

Pairing the unconditioned stimuli (food) with the bell (neutral stimuli) so dog salivates due to food but the bell occurs at the same

Question 9

After conditioning of pavlovs dogs

Answer 9

Bell has been a conditioned stimuli to be associated with food which gives a response of salivation
So now bell on its own causes salivation (conditioned) response

Question 10

Applications of classical conditioning

Answer 10

Aversion therapy

Question 11

Aversion therapy

Answer 11

Use classical conditioning to stop addiction by associating the addicted stimuli with a negative experience eg an electric shock

Question 12

Operant conditioning

Answer 12

Developing behaviours by associating behaviour with consequences of it

Question 13

4 key concepts of operant conditioning

Answer 13

Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative punishment

Question 14

Positive reinforcement

Answer 14

Giving a reward (something pleasant) when a desired behaviour by someone is displayed
To encourage a desired behaviour

Question 15

Negative reinforcement

Answer 15

Taking away something unpleasant from someone when a desired behaviour is shown
To encourage this desired behaviour

Question 16

Example of negative reinforcement

Answer 16

Doing fewer chores

Question 17

Positive punishment

Answer 17

Giving something unpleasant when an undesired behaviour is shown to discourage the undesired behaviour

Question 18

Examples of positive punishment

Answer 18

Having to write lines about why they did something wrong

Question 19

Negative punishment

Answer 19

Taking away something pleasant to discourage an undesired behaviour

Question 20

Example of negative punishment

Answer 20

Taking away someones phone

Question 21

Reinforcement

Answer 21

Encourage a desired behaviour when it is shown

Question 22

Punishment

Answer 22

Discourage a undesired behaviour when it is shown

Question 23

Social learning theory

Answer 23

Idea that we learn behaviours by observing and imitating role models in our environment

Question 24

core studies in this perspective

Answer 24

Bandura
Chaney

Question 25

How does Bandura fit the Behaviourist perspective?

Answer 25

Investigated concept of social learning theory to see if children observing an adult role mode's aggression or non aggression will imitate the behaviour on a bobo doll in a controlled observation. Found that 25.8 violent acts by boys who observed an aggressive male model

Question 26

How does Chaney fit the Behaviourist perspective?

Answer 26

Investigated the concept of how positive reinforcement in a 'funhaler' will encourage medical behaviour aka correct use of asthma medication. Where the funhaler was designed to have a pic that spin and play a whistle when used correct 3% of children screamed at funhaler vs 48% screamed at standard inhaler

Question 27

Strengths of behaviourist perspective

Answer 27

Tends to use highly controlled lab experiments = valid, reliable, scientific Supports nurture side of debate + provides evidence

Question 28

Weaknesses of behaviourist perspective

Answer 28

Unethical, causes harm to participants especially if researching punishment Negative applications, used to encourage bad behaviour Ignores genetics Reductionist to only accept behaviour is learnt

Question 29

Applications of behaviourist perspective

Answer 29

Aversion therapy = use classical conditioning to treat addiction (associate addiction with negative experience) Teachers encourage good behaviour in class = give stickers and sweets