Core studies - background

Question 1

Milgram

Answer 1

WW2 involved german soldiers killing holocaust victims in death camps —-> Nuremburg trials attempted to prosecute those responsible —-> Defence of following orders and being obedient —–> Are germans particularly obedient or is it a shared characteristic? Are we responsible for following orders?

Question 2

Bocchiaro

Answer 2

Investigating a different possible response to unjust requests by authority, reporting to a higher authority (whistleblowing) is the precondition to social progress in reforming unjust institutions
We need to design a new paradigm that allows us to investigate whistleblowing whilst being believable and ethical

Question 3

Piliavin

Answer 3

Kitty Genovese was stabbed to death infront of muktiple onlookers in new york who did not intervene
Darley and Latane completed seizure study to find that diffusion of responsibility occurred= the responsibility to intervene is shared among multiple observers present
Aim to investigate this in the field of a subway instead of a lab exp

Question 4

Levine

Answer 4

Anecdotal evidence suggests you are more likely to receive help in some cities than others
Previous research only looked at population size as a reason why, none systematically compared level of help between cultures and other factors that make up a culture eg values, indiviualist/collectivist etc

Question 5

Bandura

Answer 5

Continuing from social learning theory, the idea that children imitate behaviour of a role model they observed
Question if this only occurs when an adult model is present?
This contradicts idea that observing violence reduces it through catharsis (popular idea at the time)

Question 6

Chaney

Answer 6

Behaviourist idea of operant conditioning where health behaviour can be increased by positive reinforcment, such as designing an inhaler for children
Since many children have asthma in Australia but do not use medication correctly

Question 7

Kohlberg

Answer 7

Previous theory of moral development: Piaget which said morality changes as kid grows
Constructed his own theory of moral development :
Stage 1, 2,3, 4, 5, 6
In 3 levels

Question 8

Lee

Answer 8

Kohlberg found no difference in moral reasoning across 6 stages in terms iof culture
Collectivist cultures eg china define identity as part of someone’s group they are in and preach humble/modesty
Individualist cultures eg canada define identity as their achievments - view taking credit for telling the truth as a good thing

Question 9

Loftus and Palmer

Answer 9

Bartlett theory of schemas- small representations of the world that allow us to make sense of memories leading to possible reconstruction to fill in blanks based on our expectation
So eye witness testimony is not actually always accurate, as it can be biased in accordance to schemas

Question 10

Grant

Answer 10

Godden and Baddeley found scuba divers could recall a list of words better in matching conditions it was learnt in eg on land or underwater than in mismatching
So concept of context dependent memory where cues in matching environment allow for better encoding of information when it is being recalled

Question 11

Moray

Answer 11

Cherry - cocktail party affect where someone can tune in and select information in specific channels to be processed but reject information in others
Can be tested in a controlled lab exp with a dichotic listening task, which moray aimed to prove

Question 12

Simons and Chabris

Answer 12

Mack and Rock - Presents crosses to participants to judge length of line show unexpected smiley face
Neisser - designed transparent video of basketball team with unexpected gorilla event
Found unexpected event not seen - test this but to see if transparency of neissers had an effect???

Question 13

Sperry

Answer 13

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Question 14

Casey

Question 15

Blakemore and Cooper

Question 16

Maguire