Crime topic 6 - Effects of imprisonment

Question 1

Key research

Answer 1

Haney et al - Stanford prison experiment

Question 2

Aim of Haney

Answer 2

To test the dispositional hypothesis if its the situation of prisons that lead to brutality (organisation and structure) or the disposition of the people who occupy it (prisoners are sociopathic and guards are sadistic)

Question 3

Sample of Haney

Answer 3

24 male participants, mostly students in Stanford for the Summer

Question 4

Sample method of Haney

Answer 4

Self selected from an advert for 15 dollars a day
Then researchers Selected Ps deemed to be most stable, mature and not antisocial from a survey completed beforehand

Question 5

How were participants in Haneys study sorted into groups?

Answer 5

BY random

Question 6

Day before the study started - police guards induction

Answer 6

Helped set up prison environment of stanford uni basement
Instructions given: maintain order so the prison can function with no physical punishment

Question 7

Job of the police guards in Haneys study

Answer 7

maintain order so the prison can function with no physical punishment
Work 3 man 8 hour shifts then go home off duty

Question 8

What did prisoners wear in Haneys study

Answer 8

Khaki shirts and trousers
reflective sunglasses
Carried a police stick

Question 9

Haneys study prisoner induction

Answer 9

Handcuffed and arrested by police at their house
Taken to mock prison and stripped, made to stand naked in the yard
Then deloused and given prison uniform
Sent to room in silence

Question 10

What did the prisoners wear in Haneys study

Answer 10

Loose fitting smocks with id number on back and front
Stockings over hear = deindividuation
Chain on one ankle
Sandals

Question 11

What lead to deindividuation of prisoners in haneys study

Answer 11

Wearing stockings to cover hair
Called by id number not their name

Question 12

What lead to emasculation of prisoners in Haneys study

Answer 12

Given loose fitting smocks to wear

Question 13

How long did SPE last?

Answer 13

6 days when it was due to last 2 weeks

Question 14

Why was SPE ended early

Answer 14

Prisoners experienced a lot of abuse and experienced high anxiety

Question 15

Abuse example in SPE

Answer 15

Locked prisoners in a dark cupboard as punishment for hunger strike

Question 16

Conclusions for why guards behaved this way in SPE

Answer 16

Pathology of power = People develop oppressive behaviour if given power over others
Deindividuation by wearing sunglasses

Question 17

Conclusions for why prisoners behaved this way in SPE

Answer 17

Loss of personal identity: no names used, cover hair
Learned helplessness
Emasculation

Question 18

Additional research

Answer 18

Gillis and Nafekh - employment programmes
Restorative justice
Anger management programmes
Community sentences

Question 19

Where was Gillis and Nafekh research done

Answer 19

Canada

Question 20

Aim of Gillis and Nafekh

Answer 20

To investigate the effects of an employment programme on Canadians on parole: if it led to more reoffending or faster time to complete their conditional release programme

Question 21

Sample of Gills and Nafekh

Answer 21

23,525 individuals from Canada on parole
95% male, 5% female

Question 22

Results of Gills and Nafekh

Answer 22

If they did reoffend:
those on employment program took 37 months
Those not on employment program took 11 months

Question 23

What is an employment program?

Answer 23

Providing work within the prison or in temporary placements to improve their skills to increase the likelihood of employment after release eg working in a restaurant