Behaviourism

Question 1

Key features

Answer 1

Learning is result of external stimuli rather than cognitive processes
Consequences of responses can strengthen or lessen
Teachers are more likely to direct instruction

Question 2

What is it ?

Answer 2

An approach which is often used to shape children and young people’s behaviour and remember information.

Question 3

Example

Answer 3

When a child learns their timetables to get a praise or reward

Question 4

Classical conditioning

Answer 4

This occurs when the stimuli is presented first

Question 5

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 5

Studied that dogs could be trained to salivate if they heard a bell even when eventually no food was given

Question 6

John Watson

Answer 6

Showed that classical conditioning could create a phobia in a child
‘Little Albert’ became afraid of a rat because a loud noise was made each time he saw the rat

Question 7

Operant conditioning

Answer 7

Uses reinforcers including rewards after the stimuli to strengthen or weaken the responses

Question 8

Example

Answer 8

A child keeps working hard because they want a sticker from the teacher

Question 9

B.F. skinner

Answer 9

Used the term operant conditions to describe how positive and negative reinforcements could shape learning including behaviour
Stickers, praises and sanctions are examples of how his theory is used in practice
He used a rat with 2 buzzers if the correct one was selected a reward would be given if the incorrect one was selected a sanction would be given

Question 10

Continuity

Answer 10

Behaviourism can be used to support learning and shape behaviour. Information may not be retained if it is not practiced for a while

Question 11

Motivation

Answer 11

Learner is motivated by the reinforcement such as getting a sticker or praise if positive reinforcement stops learners may not continue with the activity

Question 12

Antecedents

Answer 12

Stimuli that signal expected behaviour/ responses

Question 13

Consequences

Answer 13

Stimuli that encourages or reduces the occurrence of the behaviour

Question 14

Positive and negative reinforcement

Answer 14

Can modify behaviour (operant conditioning)

Question 15

Continuity of reinforcements

Answer 15

• central to long term associations
• habit/ response forming

Question 16

Association of experience with behavioural response

Answer 16

The students motivation for learning is dependant on the teachers response

Question 17

Pedagogical approach how is it applied (Questioning)

Answer 17

1. Teachers asks question (antecedent)
2. Student responds (behaviour)
3. Teacher offers feedback/ rewards (consequence)

Question 18

Pedagogical approach how is it applied (Direct instruction)

Answer 18

1. Teacher led
2. The student and teacher practice new skill together
3. The teacher checks understanding and provides feedback

Question 19

Pedagogical approach how is it applied (Master learning)

Answer 19

1. The key instant recall facts (KIRF) approach which supports solid grasp of key facts
2. A blend of direct instruction and practice
3. Feedback provided by both teacher and peers