Benign Disease Flashcards
(128 cards)
Age range - simple cysts
35-50
Simple cysts may ___ after menopause (except in those using ___).
regress, HRT
π Simple cysts tend to result from the obstructed ducts at level of ___.
TDLU
What causes the obstructed ducts that lead to simple cysts?
fibrosis or proliferative changes in the duct epithelium, sometimes hormonal changes
- single or multiple
- unilateral or bilateral
- variable size
- palpable or non-palpable
- silent or painful
- moveable
- compressible
7 aspects of cysts:
On mammo, simple cysts appear⦠(4)
- rounded
- smooth margins
- radiopaque (water density)
- halo sign (lucent rim of fat)
On sonography, what three criteria are required for a cyst to be classified as simple?
- anechoic
- well-circumscribed
- acoustic enhancement
What % of breast cysts are simple?
11%
Next steps when sonography finds a simple cyst?
none, unless itβs so big/painful that it needs aspiration
- improper TGC
- overall gain too high
- focus wrong
- too superficial
- too deep
- small cyst size
- side lobe artifact
- slice thickness artifact
- volume averaging artifact
What technical issues can cause artifact in a simple cyst?
- complicated
- complex
- clustered micro
- septated
- calcified
5 kinds of non-simple cysts
This kind of cyst contains homogeneous low-level internal echoes with fluid-fluid or fluid-debris levels which react with gravity.
complicated
What % of complicated cysts are malignant?
0-1.4%
π Two important types of complicated cysts
- galactocele (milk)
2. sebaceous (sebum)
- low to med level echoes
- heterogeneous internal appearance
- gravity-dependent fluid levels
- septations
- wall thickening
- total or partial wall calcification
- partial enhancements or shadowing
On sonography, complicated cysts may demonstrate⦠(7)
π How to tell complicated cysts from complex, intraductal papilloma or papillary carcinoma?
No doppler flow will be detected within the debris of a complicated cyst.
π What are the two dynamic ways to eval if a cyst is complicated?
- jiggle test - see if debris floats around
2. check for gravity dependence - move pt from supine to upright
This kind of cyst contains a solid component.
complex
What % of complex cysts are malignant?
23%
This kind of cyst is hard to distinguish from a hypoechoic mass.
clustered microcysts
This kind of cyst contains one or several internal septations.
septated cyst
This kind of cyst has partial or total wall calcification.
calcified cyst
π This is a milk-filled cyst caused by obstruction of a lactiferous duct.
galactocele
T/F? Galactoceles only affect breastfeeding people.
FALSE, both lactating and non-lactating are affected