BEO1060829 Ventilation and RP Flashcards
(128 cards)
1
Q
The laws of _____ of _____ and _____ are applied to ventilation systems: mass flow is the same throughout the system and what goes in (supply) must come out (exhaust).
A
Conservation of Mass and Energy
2
Q
____ Energy is energy of work.
A
Kinetic
3
Q
____ Energy is capable of doing work.
A
Potential
4
Q
_____ of _____ states that the total amount of energy in an isolated system remains constant, although it may change form.
A
Consevation of Energy
5
Q
_____ (Q) is the quantity of air that passes through a given location per unit of time.
A
Airflow Volume Q = V * A
6
Q
The airflow entering the hood of a vent system must _____ the airflow volume leaving the vent system.
A
equal
7
Q
What are the two types of airflow?
A
- Natural
- Mechanical
8
Q
_____ ventilation circulates air without assisst of a mechanical device.
A
Natural
9
Q
_____ ventilation circulates air using a fan or blower.
A
Mechanical
10
Q
What are the two types of mechanical ventilation?
A
- Dilution
- Local Exhaust
11
Q
_____ ventilation, a form of mechanical dilution, increases the proportion of airborne contaminant. An example is A/C
A
Dilution
12
Q
_____ _____ ventilation, a form of mechnical dilution, removes contaminants from work areas at the source of contaminant generation.
A
Local Exhaust
13
Q
Inadequate _____ air creates pressure differentials on doors, exits, and windows, and high velocity drafts.
A
make up
14
Q
Exhaust vent systems require _____ of exhausted air.
A
Replacement
15
Q
_____ pressure systems “suck” air in.
A
Negative
16
Q
_____ pressure sytems push air out.
A
Positive
17
Q
_____ are used to create the pressure necessary to begin and maintain the airflow by creating pressure differences inside vent ducts.
A
Fans
18
Q
Air always moves from _____ pressure to ____ pressure.
A
Greater to lesser
19
Q
What are the three types of pressures?
A
- Static
- Velocity
- Total
20
Q
_____ pressure is the potental energy of a system and is created by the fan when it sucks air from one side of the system, then delivers it to the other.
A
Static
21
Q
Static Pressure upstream of the fan is _____.
A
Negative
22
Q
Static Pressure downstream of the fan is _____.
A
Positive
23
Q
_____ pressure is the kinetic energy of the system and is the pressure exerted by air in motion.
A
Velocity
24
Q
Velocity pressure is always _____.
A
Positive
25
Total pressure will be _____ to static pressure.
equal
26
Air losses due to turbulence are called _____ losses.
Turbulence
27
\_\_\_\_\_ _____ is dynamic loss and occurs at the point at which air entering a duct is squeezed just inside the duct.
Vena Contracta
28
Hoods that are tapered from their openings back to the duct can _____ \_\_\_\_ from the vena contracta.
reduce losses
29
\_\_\_\_\_ losses come from the rubbing of air molecules along the sides of the duct.
Friction
30
There is _____ velocity pressure in the center of the duct than closer to the sides.
stronger
31
What are 4 major contributors to friction losses in a vent system?
1. Rough duct material
2. High air velocity
3. Small duct diameter
4. Long duct length
32
Friction losses _____ as air velocity \_\_\_\_\_. (more friction and turbulence)
increase; increase
33
A small duct with high velocity will experience ____ friction losses that a large duct wth the same velocity.
more
34
All losses in the system, both upstream and downstream from the fan, add up to the _____ \_\_\_\_\_ _____ in the form of static pressure at the fan.
total system resistance
35
The fan must develop enough _____ \_\_\_\_\_ to overcome the system resistance and also enough _____ \_\_\_\_\_ to provide the needed air flow (velocity pressure).
static pressure; static pressure
36
The _____ \_\_\_\_\_ of the system is what the fan must work against to provide the flow.
total resistance
37
\_\_\_\_\_ is a major cause of system resistance and is _____ proportional to static pressure. It is _____ proportional to velocity pressure.
indirectly ; directly
38
\_\_\_\_\_ _____ is the velocity of air across the plane of an inlet or outlet of the system.
Face velocity
39
\_\_\_\_\_ _____ is the speed of the air in the duct and the transport or conveying velocity.
Duct Velocity
40
\_\_\_\_\_ _____ is the speed of air at the point in front of the hood that is required to overcome opposing air currents to capture and remove contaminants from the work area.
Capture Velocity
41
\_\_\_\_\_ _____ is the key parameter of the ability of a vent system to control contaminants and is a measure of the quantity of air flowing through the system and is a measure of a fans capacity.
Airflow Volume (Q)
42
The _____ of an air stream is a one dimensional value.
velocity
43
The _____ is a two dimensional.
area
44
Air density varies with _____ and \_\_\_\_\_, so you must correct readings to standard temp and pressure.
temperature and pressure
45
Mass flow is the _____ throughout the system.
same
46
The purpose of _____ ventilation is to control airborne contaminants that may pose a threat to health.
dilution
47
Dilution ventilation is not to be used for substances with OEEL less than _____ ppm.
100 ppm
48
Air flow volume is calculated as an \_\_\_\_\_.
Average
49
A combination of _____ and _____ is preferred for proper air distribution and dilution.
supply and exhaust
50
If you are only able to implement one control, supply or exhaust, you should choose \_\_\_\_\_.
supply
51
\_\_\_\_\_ provides a far more directional airflow for better mixing with the contaminant.
Supply
52
The airflow should flow _____ the worker and _____ the source of contaminant generation.
past; through
53
\_\_\_\_\_ pressure keeps contaminants _____ the room.
Negatve ; inside
54
The _____ \_\_\_\_\_ _____ is the lowest concentration in percent at which a substance presents an explosion hazard.
Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)
55
Where does the explosion danger lie?
Between LEL and UEL concentrations
56
Above the UEL, the concentration becomes _____ \_\_\_\_\_ to explode.
Too rich
57
It is standard practice to keep explosive contentration limits at or below \_\_\_\_\_.
25% of their LELs
58
\_\_\_\_\_ is the max amount of a certain chemical vapor that air can hold at a given temp.
Saturation
59
The TLV of slightly tox materials is \_\_\_\_\_.
\>500 ppm
60
The TLV of moderately toxic material is \_\_\_\_\_.
\< or = 100 - 500 ppm
61
The TLV of highly toxic material is \_\_\_\_\_.
\< 100ppm
62
When two or more hazardous substances are present, their _____ should be given consideration.
combined
63
If effects of contaminants are \_\_\_\_\_, the air quality requred to dilute each component of the mixture to the required safe concentration is calculated and the sum of the air quantities is used as the required dilution ventilation.
additive
64
If the effects are \_\_\_\_\_, the required dilution ventilation for each component of the mixture should be calculated and the HIGHEST cfm should be used as the dilution ventilation rate.
Independent
65
What are some advantages to dilution ventilation?
\* Less expensive \* Less maintenance \* Effectively controls small amounts \* Good for small, dispersed, or mobile sources
66
What are some disadvantages?
\* Does not completely remove contaminant \* Can not handle heavy particles \* Requires high volume of make up air \* Ineffective for spikes
67
\_\_\_\_\_ exhaustion is the most efficient and economical type of industrial ventilation.
Local
68
\_\_\_\_\_ relies on mixing contaminants, where as _____ is designed to control a substance at its source so that it never reaches a breathing zone.
Dilution; Exhaust
69
Inadequate make up air creates _____ pressure in the room that can limit the amount of air exhausted.
negative
70
When there is an operation that needs local exhaust, always consider an _____ first.
Enclosure
71
\_\_\_\_\_ greatly reduce interference from cross drafts so that less air volume is required.
Baffles
72
What is the first step in determining the correct air volume required?
Identify capture or in-draft velocity requirements.
73
The capture velocity pertains to hoods that DO / DO NOT enclose a process?
DO NOT
74
\_\_\_\_\_ velocity, called the minimum design duct velocity, or simply duct velocity.
Transport Velocity
75
The velocity required depends on the _____ of the contaminant.
density
76
More velocity increases the system resistance which increases _____ and _____ on the system.
wear and tear
77
What are 4 general hood classes?
1. Open
2. Slot
3. Canopy
4. Enclosing
78
\_\_\_\_\_ hoods do not need capture velocities and therefore require less air flow volumes.
Receiving
79
Slotted hoods should have an aspect ratio of \_\_\_\_\_?
0.2 or less
80
The distance from the hood to contaminant can not be more than ......
the diameter of a circle hood or diaganol of a rectangle hood.
81
\_\_\_\_\_ ventilation have generally lower air volumes and the ability to control high toxicity airborne chemicals.
Exhaust
82
What is the first step in designing an exhaust system?
Identification of estimated flow rates using industrial vent handbook.
83
What considerations must be made when determining the feasibility of an exhaust system?
\* Evaluate process to determine hazards
\* Determine if employees will be exposed to hazards
\* Determine if exhaust vent is preferred method of hazard control
84
Where do you install the fan in an exhaust system?
Clean side of the the filter / collection device.
85
What are the three types of ventilation surveys?
1. Initial
2. Baseline
3. Routine
86
An _____ test is used to evaluate the new/modified systems performance as compared to the key parameters or contract specs.This test occurs BEFORE the system is put into service.
initial
87
When performing an initial acceptance test, what type of evalution is performed?
Pitot testing
88
The _____ survey is performed after the system has been put into service.
baseline
89
What is the purpose of a baseline survey of ventilation systems?
\* ensure system is capable of controlling a hazard below OEEL
\* establish baseline parameters for future routine performance tests
90
The effectiveness of a vent system is confirmed through _____ \_\_\_\_.
air sampling
91
\_\_\_\_\_ surveys are performed at a determined frequency to ensure the system CONTINUES to operate properly.
Routine Survey
92
What type of test is used in a routine survey?
Static Pressure Test
93
The **results** of a ***static pressure test*** must be within _____ of the baseline value.
10%
94
For a Pitot Traverse measurement, the points must be at least _____ duct diameters downstream and _____ diameters upstream of any disturbance.
7.5; 2.0
95
The results of a pitot traverse measurement must be within ____ of one another. If not, must use a third point.
10%
96
The ultimate test of a vent system's effectiveness is _____ \_\_\_\_\_.
Air Sampling
97
Is it possible for a vent system to exhaust air at a volume less than design parameter, yet still control the contaminant of concern?
YES
98
What is the most common cause of deficient vent systems?
Inadequate fresh air supply to system
99
\_\_\_\_\_ is caused by industrial emissions, auto exhaust, bioaerosols, etc...
Infiltration
100
The most important factor to any IAQ survey are _____ and \_\_\_\_\_.
Education and Communication
101
What are the ideal IAQ ranges?
CO2 = 1000ppm
Relatve Humidity = 40 - 60%
Temp = 68 to 76F
102
What is the most common reason for unacceptable IAQ?
Insuffient Fresh Air
103
Where can you find the questionnaire/eval, mandatory questions, for a medical eval of RP?
29 CFR 1910.134
104
Who determines the workers ability to use a respirator based on med evaluations?
PLHCP
105
What do BE look for when performing a RP evaluation?
\* Maintenance and storage practices
\* Work practices
106
The _____ \_\_\_\_\_ must develop a written RP plan based on BE evaluation and recommendations and have it approved by BE \_\_\_\_\_.
workplace supervisor annually
107
What are the three types of ***particulate filters***?
1. N - not resistant to oil
2. R - resistant to oil
3. P - resistant to oil / oil proof
108
Sedimentation Capture filters rely on gravity and are capable of filtering particles at \_\_\_\_\_.
\> 3 micrometers
109
Diffusion Capture filters are capable of filtering particles of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
\<0.1 micrometers
110
\_\_\_\_\_ cartridges are capable of filtering acid and organic vapors, are yellow, and use adsorption or chemisorption.
Chemical
111
When is SCBA used?
IDLH
O2 deficient atmosphere
112
\_\_\_\_\_-\_\_\_\_\_ air is important to a system because it is capable of eliminating pressure differentials.
Make - Up Air
113
Where mold is a an IAQ concern, what is the most common symptom?
Allergic Reactions
114
When dealing with HVAC systems, what are the two most common sources of airflow and/or circulation issues?
"stale air" caused by occupent tampering and/or an unbalanced system
115
Who is the primary developer of the cartridge change out schedules?
BE
116
What are the limitations of particulate filters?
1. Breathing Rate
2. Temp
3. Humidity
4. Contaminant concentration
5. Removal capacity of purifying element
117
What are the types and colors of chemical cartridges?
* Black = Organic Vapors
* White = Acid Gases
* Green = Ammonia Gas
* Yellow = Acid and Organic Vapors
118
\_\_\_\_\_ removes organic vapors by adherence to the surface of activated carbon and will be released if heated.
Adsorpton
119
\_\_\_\_\_ impregnated activated carbon removes specific gas / vapor molecules by the formation of bonds between molecules. Stronger than adsorption and will not release them if heated.
Chemisorption
120
What are the 4 items that must be inspected on respiration protection devices?
1. Check function
2. Tightness of connections
3. Condition of parts
4. Elasticity of straps
121
When respirator devices are issued to more than one employee, how often should they be cleaned and disinfected?
They should be cleaned and disinfected after every use, prior to use by the next individual.
122
Grade D breathing are for SCBA must meet the following 5 criteria:
1. 19.5 - 23.5% O2
2. \<5 mg/m3 Condensed Hydrocarbons
3. \<10 ppm CO
4. \<1000 ppm CO2
5. Lack of Odor
123
What are 5 criteria for selection of respiratory protection?
1. Oxygen content
2. Physical properties of contaminant
3. Airborne concentrations
4. OEELs
5. Exposure routes and Physiological effects
124
When evaluating worker activity to determine respiratory protection, what areas must be considered?
* Length of time exposed to hazard
* Work rate - light, medium, heavy work
* Work movements
125
The _____ \_\_\_\_\_ _____ is the level of respiratory protection that a properly functioning respirator or class of respirators is expected to provide to users.
Assigned Protection Factor (APF)
126
\_\_\_\_\_ _____ \_\_\_\_\_ is the maximum atmospheric concentration of a hazardous substance from which an employee can be expected to be protected when wearing a respirator.
Maximum Use Concentration
127
AF Form _____ is the respirator selection worksheet used to evaluate and determine the proper respirator protection.
AF Form 2773
128
