BEO160829 Block 2 Flashcards
(190 cards)
1
Q
_____ _____ is a potential or actual condition that can cause short or long term injury, illness, or death.
A
Health Threat
2
Q
Is threat combined with vulnerability.
A
Health Risk
3
Q
_____ _____ _____ is the probability and severity of an adverse health effect to a given individual or population from exposure to the health threat.
A
Health Risk Estimate
4
Q
_____ _____ _____ is the process of identifying, analyzing, or evaluating OEH threats in a group or at a location over time.
A
Health Risk Assessment (HRA)
5
Q
What is the decision making process to evaluate and select a Course of Action (COA) to minimize OEH risks, and maximize benefits for operations and missions?
A
Health Risk Management (HRM)
6
Q
What is the process of effectively communicating potential health effects, outcomes, and control measures to all stakeholders?
A
Health Risk Communication
7
Q
_____ _____ is the process of estimating or calculating potential exposure of a health threat for an individual or population at risk. This is collection of data.
A
Exposure Assessment
8
Q
_____ _____ is the estimate of the human _toxicologica_l impact of a specified material.
A
Toxicological Assessment
9
Q
What provides a systematic method to identify and choose the optimum course of action (COA) for any given situation?
A
Risk Managment
10
Q
What is key to the effectiveness of Risk Management?
A
Early education and training.
11
Q
What is the goal of Risk Management?
A
To enhance mission effectiveness at all levels while preserving assets and safeguarding health and welfare.
12
Q
Name a beneficial outcome of Risk Management.
A
RM provides a logical process to identify and exploit opportunities that provide the greatest return on time, money, and personnel.
13
Q
Risk Management (RM) Framework
A
*Identify, Control, Document Hazards –> ICD opportunities
*Evaluate and minimize risk –> maximize gain.
*Prevent or mitigate losses –> optimize gain.
*Conserve personnel and resources
*Maximize combat capability
14
Q
Risk Management
A
* Enhance performance
* Maximize effectiveness
15
Q
Risk Management Principles
A
* Accept no unnecessary risk
* Decisions are made at appropriate level
* Integrate RM into operations, activities, and planning at all levels
* Apply process cyclically and continuously
16
Q
6 Steps of the ORM Decision Making Process
A
- Identify hazards
- Assess hazards
- Develop controls and make decisions
- Implement Controls
- Supervise and Evaluate –> Visit your shops
17
Q
Key RM Process Items To Remember
A
* Apply steps in sequence
* Maintain balance in the process
* Apply the process as a cycle
* Involve people fully
18
Q
What are the levels of Risk Management?
A
- Time critical
- Deliberate
- Strategic
19
Q
Time Critical RM level
A
* figure it out now
* “on the run” mental or verbal review of the situation.
20
Q
Deliberate RM level
A
Application of the complete process.
No time constraints
21
Q
Strategic RM Level
A
Thorough hazard identification and risk assessment process.
22
Q
Identify Health Threats
A
*Determine whether a potential or existing exposure poses a health threat.
*Assess the vulnerability for each potential health risk identified.
23
Q
Analyze Health Threats and Risks
A
* Determine the health impact
* Quantify exposures (DATA)
* Comparability to standard/substance specific standard.
* Health Risk Estimate (HRE)
* Recommend Control Options
24
Q
What AFI outlines the Occupational and Environmental Health Site Assessment?
A
AFI 48-145
25
What does the OEHSA provide?
It focuses on the **collection of site specific data** to identify *potential or actual **exposure** **pathways*** during bed down, employ, and sustainment of Air and Space Forces.
26
What are the primary objectives of the OEHSA?
\* **Identify OEH threats** or hazards and potential or adverse health effects and impacts.
\* ***Collect and document*** OEH exposure data for LER
\* **Inform commanders** of health threats and risk mitigation options through HRA
\* *Reduce or eleminate* health risks and *maximize operations*.
\* Mitigate encroachment on **mission capability**.
\* Support health surveillance --\> **trend exposure data**
27
The OEHSA process is a standardized OEH framework for:
\* Developing **sampling strategy**
\* Selecting montioring **equipment**
\* **Collecting samples**
28
List the OEHSA Process Steps
1. Pre-deployment and baseline activities - use of home station info, TIC, TIM, WVA, etc...
2. Site ID and Sectoring
3. Site reconnaissance
4. Conceptual Site Model
5. Routine and Specialized Assessment - collection of data through sampling.
***SOURCE --\> PATHWAY --\> RECEIVER***
29
What is the process of validating that the data and info collected during the previous steps ***remains true and unchanged***?
ReAssessment
30
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is any administrative, industrial, or inclusive living quarters environment where a potential OEH exposure may occur.
Workplace
31
What defines a Similar Exposure Group (SEG)?
\* **Similarity** and **frequency** of the tasks they perform
\* **Materials and processes** with which they work
\* Similarity of the way they **perform the tasks**
32
Similar Exposure Group (SEG) Groupings
\* **Processes** - collection of tasks
\* **Job** - repetitive vs non-repetitive
\* **Task** - individual activity
\* **Hazard** - exposure agent
33
Types of hazards
\* Chemical
\* Physical
\* Radiological
\* Biological
34
Chemical Hazards
\* Solvents
\* Adhesives
\* Welding
\* Paint overspray
\* Diesel exhaust
\* Asebestos
\* Lead
35
Physical Hazards
\* Noise
\* Ergonomics
\* Thermal Stress
36
Radiological Hazards
\* Ionizing - carries enough energy to free electrons which can cause damage to living cells
\* Non- Ionizing
37
Biological Hazards
\* Pathogens
\* Engineered Agents
\* Amplified agents / toxins
38
What is the purpose of a routine assessment?
\* Update admin data
\* Review previous assessment data
\* Identify potential health hazards and associated risks.
\* Categorize (or re-categorize) workplace
\* Identify the need for, prioritize, and schedule in depth (special) assessments.
39
How can commanders use OEH input from BE to aid in making risk management decisions?
\* Identify OEH support requirements
\* Identify potential OEH hazards related to processes/activities
\* Assign a qualitative risk to each hazard
\* Identification of health hazard or exposure that may require a design change or modification to an existing weapon system to eleminat/mitigate the hazard.
40
What do special assessments provide?
\* **Quantify potential exposures** identified during the routine assessment
\* Perform **periodic control evaluations** to maintain confidence in the effectiveness of established controls
\* Evaluate unscheduled requests
\* Provide **follow up action** on recommendations from OEHWG
\* Sustain **compliance** with regs
\* Provide commanders and affected individuals with a **summary** of the outcome of the assessment, future plans, and **recommendations** to reduce the hazard/risk to acceptable levels.
41
OEH Process Assessment Steps
1. Define scope of support and resources
2. Basic characterization
3. Health Risk Assessment (HRA)
4. Compliance Assessment (garrison only)
5. Exposure Assessment
6. Communication
7. Re-Evaluation
42
How do you "Define Scope of Support and Resources" ?
Identify organizations that require support by identifying and establishing industrial workplaces or shops.
43
What is the basic characterization?
\* Workplace visit
\* Opening conference
\* Basic workplace characterization assessment
44
What is included in a basic workplace characterization assessment?
\* Review existing data
\* Identify applicable processes
\* Associate actual/potential OEH hazards with processes
\* Identify/evaluate controls designed to address each OEH hazard
\* Establish one or more SEGs based on the processes and associated potential exposures
\* Establish one or more PARS based on potential exposure pathways (environmental activities)
45
What are the Health Risk Assessment (HRA) goals?
\* Assess hazard exposure using confidence in existing controls and hazard characterization
\* Determine operational health risk using severity and probability
\* Identify OEH risk reduction strategies
\* Prioritize assessment based on RM process
\* Schedule/suspense special assessments.
46
Processes
\* Look at workers equipment, procedures, and control measures
\* Do shop personnel have the correct controls? Are they using and maintaining them properly?
47
Chemical Use
\* How and why are workers using chemicals?
\* How much chemical is used?
\* Ask questions and look in lockers
48
Physical/Biological Hazards
\* Are there loud noise sources?
\* Extreme temp enviroments?
\* Any biological lockers in place?
49
Exposure Controls
\* ID general and local exhaust vent systems
\* Are workers using proper PPE?
\* Inspect PPE - note model and condition
50
New OHE Risks
\* Are there any new risks not previously identified?
51
Compliance
\* Is shop in compliance with the HAZCOM Program?
52
Compliance Assessment
Review programs (ie. respiratory) for compliance
53
Exposure Assessment
\* Acceptable - document and reassess in future
\* Unacceptable - provide control recommendation
\* Uncertain - gather additional data
54
Where is exposure assesment data stored?
DOEHRS
55
What 4 factors are used to calculate the Exposure Assessment Priority (EAP) rating?
\* Health Effects Rating (HER)
\* Exposure Rating (ER)
\* Confidence in Hazard and Exposure Characterization
\* Confidence in Existing Controls
56
What 2 factors are used to calculate the Health Risk Rating (HRR)?
\* Health Effects Rating (HER)
\* Exposure Rating (ER)
57
What 2 factors are used to calculate the Uncertainty Rating (UR)?
\* Confidence in Hazard and Exposure Characterization
\* Confidence in Existing Controls
58
What 4 items should be communicated after an OEH Process assessment?
\* Review findings
\* Recommendations
\* Follow up action items
\* Expectations
59
What are the documentation requirements after an OEH process assessment?
\* Report generated within **60 days** after initial contact.
\* **Cover Letter**
\* Summary of **health risks** to include a list of current processes which exceed action level or exposure pathways with unacceptable exposures
\* Summary of **Risk Assessment Codes** (RAC) assigned to shop
\* **Recommendation** and follow up items
\* Direction to ensure report is **available to all workers**
\* Attachments - controls linked to process, certified PPE list with proper use instructions and limitations.
60
How often should a workplace categorization and assessment take place?
\* For deployed locations, the combatant command air component surgeon establishes the schedule.
\* BE flight commander consults with OEHWG
61
What assessent tools are available for assessing OEH risk managment?
\* Routine assessments
\* Special assessments
\* Workplace categorization and assessment frequency
\* Risk Assessment Codes (RACs)
\* Standards/Substance specific standards
\* Statistical analysis of exposure data
62
What is the purpose of the OEH RM Assessment?
Provides commanders and supervisors with the HRA info needed to make **informed judgments and decisions** about what to do about health risks.
63
Defining Controls
\* Adjustment
\* Regulation
\* Reduction
\* Prevention
64
What is the hierarchy of controls?
1. Engineering
2. Administration
3. PPE
65
What should be considered when recommending controls?
\* Does controlling the health risk **transfer the risk to another population** or increase another health risk?
\* Does *accepting* the health risk **transfer the risk** to another population or delay the effects in the exposed population?
\* Does *controlling* the health risk also coincidentally **reduce another risk**?
\* Do the *control measures reduce the risk* with the **expected benefits**?
\* Are **resources** to control the risk **available**?
\* Is implementation of the control measure **timely and ea**sy?
\* Have other functional areas provided **input** on how the health threat and control options impact other operational threats and activities?
66
What is the concept of taking all of the information gathered during assessments and attempting to spot a pattern or relationship between associated factors or variables with the information.
Trend Analysis
67
What are two measures of central tendency?
1. Arithmetic mean ("average")
2. Geometric mean
68
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ _____ is determined by adding all values then dividing by the number of values. Is known as the "average".
Arithmetic Mean
69
\_\_\_\_\_ _____ is appropriate for describing central tendency of data that is normally distributed. Best at describing data trends with values clustered together.
Geometric Mean
70
\_\_\_\_\_ _____ is a measure of how "spread out" or "closely grouped" data is.
Standard Deviation
71
How do you calculate the standard deviation of a data set?
Suppose you have four quiz scores: 1, 3, 5, and 7. The mean is 16 ÷ 4 = 4 points. Subtracting the mean from each number, you get (1 – 4) = –3, (3 – 4) = –1, (5 – 4) = +1, and (7 – 4) = +3. Squaring each of these results, you get 9, 1, 1, and 9. Adding these up, the sum is 20. In this example, n = 4, and therefore n – 1 = 3, so you divide 20 by 3 to get 6.67, which is the variance. The units here are “points squared,” which obviously makes no sense. Finally, you take the square root of 6.67, to get 2.58. The standard deviation for these four quiz scores is 2.58 points.
72
How many sample are required to perform trend analysis?
6
73
What is required to perform basic summary statistics?
\* Number of samples (n)
\* Highest sample value (max)
\* Lowest sample value (min)
\* Range (max - min)
\* Mean
\* SD
\* GM
\* GSD
\* % of samples above Occupational Environmental Exposure Limit (OEEL)
74
Who determines which statistical tool is used?
Flight Leadership
75
95th Percentile Exposure Concentration
An estimate of the value above which approximately 5% of the exposures are expected to occur. 95% of exposures are below that number.
76
What are the AIHA Exposure Rating Categories?
4. 95th percentile is greater than OEEL
3. 95th percentile is greater than 50% of OEEL.
2. 95th percentile is between 10% and 50% of the OEEL
1. Little to no exceeding of 10% of OEEL
77
What are other rating information sources?
\* Air samples of the same process from another base
\* Mathematical modeling
\* USAFSAM survey or consultative reports.
\* NIOSH health hazard evaluations
78
What are other rating information sources?
\* Air samples of the same process from another base
\* Mathematical modeling
\* USAFSAM survey or consultative reports.
\* NIOSH health hazard evaluations
79
What is used to evaluate occupational exposure data in order to draw correct conclusions about exposure levels?
Trend Analysis
80
What is used to evaluate occupational exposure data in order to draw correct conclusions about exposure levels?
Trend Analysis
81
What is the law of diminishing returns?
Adding more of one factor of production will at some point yield lower per-unit returns.
82
What is used to evaluate occupational exposure data in order to draw conclusions about exposure levels?
Trend Analysis
83
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the study of the distribution and risk factors of llness and disease in specific populations.
Epidemiology
84
Epidemiology attempts to prevent disease/adverse health outcomes by determining:
1. Frequencies and patterns of diseases
2. Possible cause of disease
3. Modes of transmission (in infectious disease)
4. Factors contributing to exposure and risk
85
What are the Public Health (PH) Responsibilities which concern to the Epidemiology Program?
1. A description of trends in OEH related illness (to include audiogram significant/permanent threshold.
2. Abnormal medical surveillance exam results (based on a records review).
86
What are the BE responsibilities in the Epidemiology Program?
1. **Assess and document OEH exposures** in AF Safety Automated System (AFSAS) for potential OEH-related illinesses identified by Public Health (PH).
87
As a member of OEHWG, what are the two responsibilites for the BE representative?
1. Consultation on OEH exposures and work-place specific Occupational and Environmental Health Exposure Data (OEHED) to the working group.
2. Concise summary of OEHED document to the OEHWG for each Similar Exposure Group (SEG) reviewed.
88
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the number of ***_new_*** cases of illness or disease in a specified population during a set time period.
Incidence
89
of new cases during time period
divided by
Population at risk during time period
multiplied by
population multiplier
Incidence
90
\_\_\_\_\_ is the number of individuals with an outcome (illness) over a *specified period of time*. Includes new **AND** existing cases.
Prevalence
91
\_\_\_\_\_ prevalence is the number with outcome at a specified **point** in time.
Point
92
\_\_\_\_\_ prevalence is the number with outcome during a ***specified time period***.
Period
93
How do you calculate prevalence?
**Number of new and old cases**
divided by
**Total Population at risk**
multiplied by *population multiplier*
94
**True or False**:
Prevalence is proportional to the incidence rate multiplied by the duration of the disease.
TRUE
95
\_\_\_\_\_ _____ is a *longitudinal study* that follows groups divided by exposure status (exposed/unexposed) and **compares risk for an outcome between the groups**.
Cohort Study
96
What are the 2 objectives of the **Prospective Cohort Study**?
1. Determine current exposure, observes occurrence of disease over time.
2. To produce an estimate of the risk of disease among those exposed.
97
What is the relative risk of the Prospective Cohort Study?
***Ratio*** of the incidence of disease among **exposed** to that among **unexposed**.
98
What is the objective of the **Retrospective Cohort Stud**y?
To determine current disease status, ***follow records backswards*** to determine exposure status.
99
What is the objective of the **Case Control Study**?
Compare exposures between groups by disease status (disease / no disease).
100
What is the **Odds Ratio**?
Ratio of the odds of getting disease when exposed versus the odds when unexposed.
101
**True or False:**
If Odds Ratio (OR) is greater than 1.0, there may be an association between disease and exposure.
TRUE
102
What is the objective of the **Cross-Sectional Study**?
To determine *prevalence of an outcome* in population at risk.
103
\_\_\_\_\_ _____ \_\_\_\_\_is the ratio of odds of having the disease when **exposed** *versus* the odds when **unexposed**.
Prevalence Odds Ratio
104
Name the three types of **BIAS**.
1. Selection
2. Information
3. Confounding
105
\_\_\_\_\_ Bias occurs when there is incorrect or a non-representative *selection* of study participants.
Selection
106
\_\_\_\_\_ Bias occurs when there is *measurement* error from the assessment of disease and/or exposure.
Information
107
\_\_\_\_\_ Bias occurs when *two or more exposure factors* are _associated_ with the _disease_ and with _each other._
Confounding
108
\_\_\_\_\_ _____ is:
\* Discipline grounded in science and experience
\* Gives individuals knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques
\* Improves dialogue about OEH hazards
Risk Communication
109
What is the purpose of **Risk Communication**?
Provide stakeholders (institution, group, individuals affected making decisions) with the **information** necessary to make _informed judgements_.
110
What are the *principles and best practices* of **Risk Communication**?
* Build trust and credibility
* Be proactive
* Risk communication objectives
* Understand stakeholders
* Create effective messages
* Communicate complex technical info
* Written risk communication
* Two way communication
* Counter mis-info and misperceptions
* Answer difficult questions
* Dealing with controversy
111
What are 4 factors that contribute to *perceptions of trust*?
* Empathy / Caring
* Honesty
* Commitment
* Competence / Expertise
112
How do you *increase credibility*?
* Bottom line, up front (BLUF)
* Organized and prepared
* Appropriate language
113
Name 5 factors that can harm credibility.
* Ignore fears about health and safety risks
* Disregard suggestions and concerns by stakeholders
* Being defensive
* Hiding Info
* Not fulfilling commitments
114
What are the 4 **Risk Communication Objectives**?
1. Provide Info
2. Gather Info
3. Build trust and credibility
4. Influence behavior
115
Understanding Stakeholders (Internal and External)
1. What are the issues?
2. What is at stake?
3. Who is affected by the problem/issue?
4. Who is concerned?
5. What do they care about and why?
6. Whom do i need to involve and keep informed?
7. WHat are the key points and topic areas I need to address?
116
Name the tips for **Effective Messages**.
* Be proactive
* Obtain internal agreement on the message
* Tailor language to stakeholders
* Use simple and clear language
* Avoid language that conveys to stakeholders that they have no control.
* Avoid absolutes
117
Tips for communicating complex, technical information.
* Tone
* Plain language
* Big picture
* Answering technical questions
* Practice
* Limit terms
* Simplify numbers
* Use common sense
* Use graphs / illustrations
* Be honest
118
What are considerations for *written* Risk Communication?
* Short and to the point
* Explain how risks were estimated
* Provide risk comparisons
* Define actions / steps being taken
* Clearly articulate - what was done and why; results and what they mean; actions / decisions required
119
In two way communication, as the receiver, what must you learn from the sender?
* Learn important info about stakeholder concerns
* Learn how risks are perceived
* Learn local factors
* Learn preferred method of communication
120
How do you counter misinformation / misperceptions?
* Refute misinformation in a few words
* Do not repeat misinformation
* Do not use words or phrases with negative association
* Do not be confrontational
* Be proactive
121
Tips for dealing with controversy include:
\* **Communicate**
\* **Listen**
\* Remain **calm** and **professional**
\* Focus on **building trust**
122
When dealing with controversy, you should never:
* Raise **negatives** or repeat negative language
* Speculate or respond to **"what ifs"**
* **Say "no comment"**
* Let people put words in your mouth
* Get angry or emotional
123
HAZCOM
**Right to Know / Right to Understand**
124
\_\_\_\_\_ _____ is the communication of information to employees concerning the **hazards of chemicals** to which they are *exposed* under *normal conditions* of use or in a foreseeable emergency and the appropriate protective measures.
HAZCOM Program
125
What are the 5 Federal HAZCOM *standards*?
1. Evaluate the hazards of all chemicals
2. Prepare written HAZCOM program
3. Label containers
4. Provide SDSs
5. Train employees
126
Which code of federal regulations (CFR) outlines the components of the HAZCOM program?
29 CFR 1910.1200
127
**29 CFR 1910.1200** requires employers to develop / implement / maintain a written program with the following requirements:
* Container labeling
* Forms of warning
* SDSs
* Employee info / training requirements
* Haz chemical listing
* Non-routine tasks and their hazards
128
True or False:
The Fed HAZCOM standard covers:
\* all industries and sizes of facilities under OSHA jurisdiction;
\* has primacy over state program
TRUE
129
In the AF, who has ***primary responsibility*** of the HAZCOM program?
Work Area Supervisor
130
In the AF, who is responsible for the ***overall effectiveness*** of the HAZCOM program?
BEE
131
What is the purpose of the AF HAZCOM Program?
**Minimization** of *incidents* involving _chemically induced_ occupational illnesses and injuries in the workplace.
132
Who does the AF HAZCOM Program cover?
**ALL** employees that work in an environment where *chemicals* are known to be present and there is potential for exposure. They are provided info about hazardous chemicals.
133
Employers must develop / implement / maintain a written HAZCOM program that describes these 4 items:
1. SDSs
2. Labels and other forms of warning
3. AF Form 3952
4. BE Shop survey letters
134
What are 4 exempt materials that do not fall under AF HAZCOM Program guidance?
1. Hazardous wastes regulated under Resource Conservation and Recovery Act **(RCRA)**
2. Hazardous substances subject to a remedial action or removal action under Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act **(CERCLA)**
3. **Drugs** in final form
4. **Consumer products** in normal use
135
Name the 6 items that must be included with the installation specific **HAZCOM Program.**
1. How to **access SDSs**
2. Container **labeling procedures** and requirements
3. **Training** requirements and procedures
4. **Chemical inventory** requirements
5. Procedures for **informing employees** regarding hazards of non-routine tasks and unlabeled pipes.
6. Procedures for **determining the hazard** of a chemical
136
What info is required on a Safety Data Sheet (SDS)?
* Physical and chemical properties
* Physical and Health hazards
* Routes of exposure
* Precautions for safe handling and use
* Emergency and First Aid procedures
* Control measures
137
Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) must be:
* Immediately accessible
* Be present for every item on the shop specific hazardous chemical inventory
* Match the material on hand
* Obtained from: Manufacturer/Supplier, Installation/Unit HAZMAT Tracking Activity, ESOH-MIS
138
The work area/shop supervisor is responsible for ensuring ALL workers are proper trained on the chemical hazards in their work area/shop to include:
* HAZCOM Training
* Inititial Training
* Supplemental Training
* Documentation of Training
* Determining effectiveness of HAZCOM training
139
What are the BE HAZCOM Program responsibilities?
* Technical guidance
* Develop written HAZCOM guidance
* Assist commanders and supervisors
* Approval authority for AF Form 3952
140
What are the Hazardous Chemical Inventory requirements?
* HAZCOM program document for work area/shop must contain a list of **ALL** known hazardous chemical present.
* The SDS identity **MUST** be cross referenced to the inventory
141
What does the OSHA standard for Chemical Hygiene Plans include?
142
What does the OSHA standard for Chemical Hygiene Plans **EXPLICITLY** exlude?
143
What is a **Chemical Hygiene Plan**?
144
What are the 8 **Lab Safety and Health Program** *elements* of a Chemical Hygiene Plan?
* Written Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP)
* SOPs
* Chemical Hygiene Officer (CHO)
* Lab hoods and PPE
* Employee info and training
* Hazard ID through labels and SDSs
* Employee exposure determinations
* Medical consultation / examination
145
What are the unit commanders Chemical Hygiene Program responsibilities?
* Ultimate responsibility for the CHP in the unit
* Must appoint a chemical hygiene officer
146
What are the Chemical Hygiene Officer's (CHO) responsibilities?
* Develop, implement, and maintan the CHP
* Coordinate the protective measures with the BE
* Monitor procurement, use, and disposal of chemicals
* Routinely audit and document compliance with the CHP
* Report the status of chemical hygiene compliance to the lab supervisor
* Annually review / evaluate the CHP
147
What is the laboratory supervisors CHP responsibilities?
* Maintain hazmat inventory
* Ensure employees know and follow procedures
* Maintain protect equipment
* Routinely inspect chemical hygiene procedures and emergency equipment
* Ensure emergency training is adequate
* Provide workers with info and training to ensure they are aware of chemical hazards
148
What are the BE Chemical Hygiene Plan responsibilities?
* Principle advisor and contact
* Resolve questions regarding definition of laboratory
* Coordinate on the written CHP and any changes
* Assist CHO in determining methods to detect releases
* Recommend control measures
* Inform CHO of changes in lab requirements
* Evaluate potential chemical hazards
* Conduct worker exposure determinations
* Inform workers of monitoring results within 15 days
149
What is included on Safety Data Sheets (SDSs)?
* Identification
* Hazard ID
* Composition/Ingredients
* First Aid measures
* Firefighting measures
* Accidental release measures
* Handling and storage
* Exposure controls
* PPE
* Physical properties
* Chemical properties
* Stability and reactivity
* Toxicological Info
* Ecological info
* Disposal considerations
* Transport info
* Regulatory info
* Misc info
150
The Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) requires SDSs available to:
* Fire Departments
* Emergency planning officials
151
What is the central repository for SDSs?
The Hazardous Material Information Resource System (HMIRS)
152
OSHA require that inventories communicate:
* Specific Hazards
* Protective equipment
* Storage and disposal info
* Any important info for incident response
153
What is the Hazard Elimination Hierarchy?
1. Engineering
2. Administrative
3. PPE
154
Engineering Controls seek to eliminate/reduce/mitigate hazards by:
* Substitution
* Minimize exposure
* Isolation or enclosure
* Ventilation
155
If engineering controls are unsuccessful in hazard abatement, administrative controls are implemented in the following methods:
* Adjustment of work schedules
* Housekeeping
* Best work practices
* Training
156
What are the Risk Assessment Code (RAC) categories?
1. Imminent
2. Serious
3. Moderate
4. Minor
5. Negligible
157
Name the 2 Hazard Abatement forms.
* **AF form 1118** - to be posted in the workplace no later than the ***end of the next duty day*** after ID of the hazard.
* **AF form** 3 - Used when an identified **_RAC 1,2,3 or hazard_** requiring ***more than 30 calendar days to abate.***
158
What is the Abatement Priority Number (APN)? What is used to calculate the APN?
1. The RAC
2. Cost Effectiveness Index (CEI)
159
What does the Cost Effectiveness Index (CEI) measure?
Measures cost effectiveness of a hazard abatement project and represents a ***ratio of the project cost and its potential effectiveness.***
160
What are the 3 ***HAZMAT* Management Process** (HMMP) _Programs_?
1. **Installation** HAZMAT Management Program (IHMP)
2. **Weapon System** HAZMAT Program (WSHP)
3. **Ozone Depleting Substances** Management Program (ODSP)
161
What are the 4 Installation HAZMAT Management Process (IHMP) elements?
1. HAZMART
2. HAZMAT Tracking System
3. Determination and Authorization
4. Data Quality Management
162
Name the Chemical / Hazardous Material Request Authorization AF Form.
AF Form 3952
163
What is the AF Form 3952 used for?
* ***1st time use*** of a HAZMAT in a work area
* Renewal of an ***expiring*** AF form 3952 authorization
* Submission of ***revisions*** to existing AF Form 3952 due to ***changes***
* For use of the HAZMAT in a ***different process*** than originally identified.
164
Which offices authorize an AF Form 3952?
* CE
* SE
* BE
165
What is BE's responsibility when reviewing an AF Form 3952?
* Review for accuracy
* Parts I and II
* Initial requests
* Renewal / Change requests
166
What potential hazards must be identified when reviewing work order requests?
* Chemical hazards
* Biological hazards
* Physical hazards
* Radiological hazards
167
Who are the key partners in the review of construction projects?
* CE Operations Flight
* CE Customer Service
* CE Flight
* Construction Inspector / QA Evaluator
168
What are the two forms used for construction projects?
1. AF Form 332 - ***initiates all work***
2. DD Form 1391 - used to ***request and justify*** construction need
169
What are the expectations when reviewing a construction plan?
* Thorough and critical review
* Develop conceptual model
* Integrate logic, experience, and facts about the process
* Identify potential risks
* Examine potential control solutions
* Communicate recommendations
170
What is BE responsible for reviewing on the construction plan sheets?
* Summary sheets
* Heating, ventilation, and AC
* Plumbing
* Project specific items
171
Who are the key players when investigating an **OSHA recordable incident**?
* Health care provider
* Public Health (PH)
* BioEnvironmental Engineering (BE)
* Installation Occupational Environmental Medicine Consultant (IOEMC)
172
What is the process for the exposure assessment?
* Worker interviews
* Workplace visit
* Workplace observations
* Health Risk Assessments (HRA)
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Process evaluation during the exposure assessment
Review the following items
* Equipment
* Processes
* Controls
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Chemical evaluation during exposure assessment investigations.
* How and why are workers using chemicals?
* How much chemical is being used?
175
Physical and Biological evaluation during exposure assessment investigation.
* Any noise, ergo, thermal hazards?
* Any biological hazards?
176
What are key considerations when evaluating the controls during an exposure assessment investigation?
* Were workplace controls needed?
* If controls are needed, are they available?
* If available, were they in serviceable condition?
* If serviceable, were they used properly?
* If used properly, did controls adequately control hazard?
177
What type of documentation is required for an exposure assessment?
* Public Health (PH) forwards the occupational illness info to the ***OSHA 300 log*** via AFSAS.
* ***AF Form 190*** - **Occupational Illness / Injury Report** - filed in the individuals med record --\> **_LER_**
178
Who must review a Pregnancy Profile?
* Public Health (PH)
* BioEnvironmental Engineering (BE)
* Healthcare Provider (HCP)
* Installation Occupational Environmental Medicine Consultant (IOEMC)
179
Which form is required for duty restriction recommendations as a result of a pregnancy?
AF Form 469
180
The **AF Form 469** must be filled out for ***duty restriction recommendations*** to include:
* Specific tasks not to be performed
* Contaminated areas that increase exposure risk
* Hours to be worked in a week
* Number of specific hours per day or shift the member can work
* Is the member restricted to a specific shift?
181
What **4 areas** must be evaluated to determine if *work place hazards* exist for pregnant members?
* Evaluation of *hazards*
* Verify *job description*
* Review *workplace data*
* Compare to applicable standards
182
What are 3 agents of concern for pregnant members?
* **Teratogens** - chemical, biological, or physical agents can lead to ***malformation***
* **Mutagens** - chemical or physical agents which can ***change cell DNA***
* **Carcinogen** - chemical or physical agent capable of causing ***cancer***
183
What are **4 potential effects** of exposure of hazards in the workplace to pregnant members?
1. Birth defects
2. Low birth weight
3. Spontaneous abortion
4. Functional defects
184
When performing a pregnant worker evaluation of workplace risks, what are three areas of emphasis?
1. PPE
2. Documentation
3. Observations
185
Who are the 6 key members of the Confined Space Program (CSP)?
1. CSPT
2. Functional Manager
3. Entry Supervisor
4. Confined Space Entrants
5. Attendants
6. Emergency Personnel
186
What are the duties/responsibilities of BE within the Confined Space Program (CSP)?
* Provide local **training** on the use, calibration, and care of atmospheric testing and **monitoring** **equipment**
* Certify organizational personnel to test confined spaces
* **Train** on confined space duties
* Document location of each confined space in **DOEHRS**
* Review and approve non-entry permits not in MEP
* Evaluate worker **exposure** to hazardous chemicals
* Evaluate confined spaces for **hazardous atmospheres** and **IDLH** conditions
* Assist in selection of **PPE** (respitory protection, etc...)
187
What 3 criteria must be met for an area to be defined as a confined space?
1. *Large enough and configured* for a worker to bodily enter and perform assigned work
2. *Limited or restricted means* for entry or exit
3. *Not designed for continuous occupancy*
188
What is a **non-permit** confined space?
**_Does not contain or have potential to contain_** any *hazard* capable of causing death or serious physical harm.
## Footnote
*Examples include: Aircraft dry bays, facility crawl spaces, communication manholes, barriers, Aircraft wheel wells.*
189
Name the 4 characteristics which if identified will result in an area being **permitted** as a confined space.
1. IDLH atmosphere present or potential for development of a hazardous atmosphere.
2. **Oxygen** content is **less than 19.5% or greater than 23.5%**
3. Atmospheric testing results ***are \>10% of LEL***
4. ***Any chemical in the atmosphere capable of adverse effects and death***
190
What 3 questions must be answered when testing the atmosphere of a confined space?
1. Is the atmosphere acceptable?
2. Is it still acceptable while a worker is in the confined space?
3. Does the worker require evaluation for their exposure to air contaminants?
