Better Bio 1

Question 1

Cohesion

Answer 1

Tendency of water molecules to cling to each other or to form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules

Question 2

Adhesion

Answer 2

Tendency of water molecules to form hydrogen bonds with polar surfaces such as the inside of capillaries and transport vessels

Question 3

Surface tension

Answer 3

Force that holds moist membranes together due to the attraction of water molecules through hydrogen bonds

Question 4

What are the bio molecules that make up living things

Answer 4

Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and nucleic acids

Question 5

What makes up bio molecules

Answer 5

Made up of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous atoms

Question 6

Chemical reactions relating to metabolism are driven by structures called…

Answer 6

Enzymes

Question 7

Chemical bind in which ions are attracted to one another by opposite charges

Answer 7

Ionic bond

Question 8

Chemical bind in which atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

Answer 8

Covalent bond

Question 9

Water properties

Answer 9

High heat capacity
High heat of evaporation
A solvent
Cohesive
Adhesive

Question 10

Substances that dissociate in water, releasing hydrogen ions (H+). Determined by how fully it dissipates in water

Answer 10

Acid or acidic solutions

Question 11

Substances that either take up hydrogen ions (H+) or release hydroxide ions (OH-)

Answer 11

Bases or basic solutions

Question 12

Ph below 7
Ph=7
Ph above 7

Answer 12

Acidic
Neutral
Basic

Question 13

Carbon double bonds

Answer 13

Not as flexible restrict movement. Affect shape and function

Question 14

Organic molecules that have identical molecular formulas but different arrangements of atoms

Answer 14

Isomers

Question 15

Dehydration reaction

Answer 15

Covalent bond is formed, water a product

Question 16

Hydrolysis reaction

Answer 16

Uses water to break a covalent bond

Question 17

Class of organic compounds that typically contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio; includes the monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides

Answer 17

Carbohydrates

Question 18

Simple sugar, a carbohydrate that cannot be broken down by hydrolysis; also any monomer of the polysaccharides

Answer 18

Monosaccharides

Question 19

C6H12O6 Has several isomers such as galactose and fructose. Critical to biological function, source of cellular fuel. Molecule that is broken down and converted into stored chemical energy (ATP) during cellular respiration

Answer 19

Glucose

Question 20

Contains two monosaccharides that have joined together during a dehydration reaction

Answer 20

Disaccharide

Question 21

Long polymers of monosaccharides. (aka complex carbohydrates)
Broken down to release sugar molecules for energy

Answer 21

Polysaccharide

Question 22

Plants store a large amount of glucose in the form of…

Answer 22

Starch
Amylose (unbranched)
Amylopectin (branched) - no main carbon chain

Question 23

Structural _________ include cellulose in plants, chitin in animals and fungi, peptidoglycan in bacteria

Answer 23

Polysaccharide

Question 24

Polysaccharide that is the major complex carbohydrate in plant cell walls

Answer 24

Cellulose

Question 25

Class of organic compounds that tend to be soluble in non polar solvents; includes fats and oils

Answer 25

Lipids

Question 26

______ ______ acids lack double bonds between the carbon atoms and contain as many hydrogens as they can fold

Answer 26

Saturated fatty

Question 27

_____ ______ acids have double bonds in the carbon chain, which reduces the number of bonded hydrogen atoms

Answer 27

Unsaturated fatty acids

Question 28

Molecule that forms the bilayer of the cells membranes; has a polar, hydrophilic head bonded to two non polar hydrophobic tails

Answer 28

Phospholipid

Question 29

Long chain of fatty acids connected to carbon chains containing alcohol functional groups. Solid at norm temp, high melting point

Answer 29

Waxes

Question 30

Polymer of amino acids; often consisting of one or more polypeptides and having a complex three dimensional shape. Contribute to metabolism, support, transport, defense, regulation, motion

Answer 30

Protein

Question 31

Proteins are polymers constructed from ___ ___ monomers. On of the functional groups is NH2 (an amino group) and another is (-COOH an acidic group) third group is r group (variable group)

Answer 31

Amino acid

Question 32

The resulting covalent bond between two amino acids is called a ___ ___. Atoms share electrons unevenly, because oxygen is more electronegative than nitrogen

Answer 32

Peptide bond

Question 33

The resulting covalent bond between two amino acids is called a ___ ___. Atoms share electrons unevenly, because oxygen is more electronegative than nitrogen

Answer 33

Peptide bond

Question 34

Chain of many amino acids joined by peptide bonds

Answer 34

Polypeptide bond

Question 35

Level of protein structure determine by linear sequence of amino acids, coded for the genes of the dna

Answer 35

Primary structure

Question 36

Hydrogen bonding between amino acids causes the polypeptide to form an alpha helix or a pleated sheet protein structure

Answer 36

Secondary structure

Question 37

Interactions of amino acid side chains with water, covalent bonding between R groups, and other chemical interactions determine the folded three dimensional shape of the protein

Answer 37

Tertiary structure

Question 38

This level of the protein structure occurs when two or more folded polypeptides interact to perform an biological function

Answer 38

Quaternary structure

Question 39

Composed of nucleotides and have the ability to store information, including the instructions for life and conduct chemical reactions

Answer 39

Nucleotides

Question 40

DNA lacks an oxygen atom found in rna DNA- pyrimidine bases are cytosine and thymine RNA- pyrimidine bases cytosine and uracil

Answer 40

Differences of RNA and DNA