BI214 Exam 2

Question 1

platelets

Answer 1

cells fragments of marrow cells (called megakaryocytes)

Question 2

normal platelet count

Answer 2

130,000-400,000

Question 3

platelet size

Answer 3

2-4 micrometers

Question 4

platelets secrete

Answer 4

vasoconstrictors

Question 5

procoagulants are

Answer 5

clotting factors, promote formation of blood clots more durable than platelet plugs

Question 6

poeisis

Answer 6

the production of

Question 7

thrombocytes

Answer 7

aka platelets

Question 8

inner layer of tunica interna (intima)

Answer 8

lines blood vessels, consists of endothelium (simple squamous epithelium), repels blood cells

Question 9

tunica media consists of

Answer 9

smooth muscle, collagen, elastic tissue, controls blood vessel diameter(contraction)

Question 10

tunica externa consists of

Answer 10

loose connective tissue

Question 11

3 classes of arteries

Answer 11

large, internal elastic lamina, external elastic lamina

Question 12

examples of large arteries

Answer 12

aorta, common carotid, subclavian, pulmonary trunk, common iliac arteries

Question 13

distributing arteries

Answer 13

distrbute blood to specific organs EX brachial femoral, renal , splenic

Question 14

resistance arteries

Answer 14

thicker tunica media in proportion to their lumen

Question 15

arterioles

Answer 15

smallest of the resistance arteries (200 mm diameter, 1-3 layers of smooth muscle)

Question 17

metarterioles

Answer 17

short blood vessels link arterioles directly, venules in some places

Question 18

aneurysm

Answer 18

weak point in artery or heart wall, forms thin-walled bulging sac that pulsates with each heartbeat and may rupture at any time

Question 19

dissecting aneurysm

Answer 19

blood accumulates between tunics of arteria and separates them , usually caused by degeneration of tunica media

Question 20

commons sites of aneurysms

Answer 20

abdominal aorta, renal arteries, and arterial circle (circle of willis) at base of brain.

Question 21

baroreceptors in walls of internal carotid artery monitor

Answer 21

blood pressure

Question 22

chemoreceptors monitor

Answer 22

blood chemistry

Question 23

carotid bodies transmit signals through

Answer 23

glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 24

carotid bodies adjust

Answer 24

respiratory rate which stabilizes pH, CO2, O2

Question 25

microvasculature

Answer 25

aka microcirculation, arterioles and venules

Question 26

continuous capillaries

Answer 26

found in most tissues

Question 27

endothelial cells held together by tight junctions

Answer 27

form a continuous tube with cells separated by gaps

Question 28

fenestrated capillaries

Answer 28

found in organs that require rapid absorption or filtration (kidneys, small intestine)

Question 29

sinusoids

Answer 29

type of capillary,irregular blood filled spaces, c found in liver, bone marrow, spleen

Question 30

capillary beds

Answer 30

networks of 10-100 capillaries, usually supplied by a single arteriole or metarteriole

Question 31

percent of bodys capillaries shut down, not enough blood to supply all at once

Answer 31

75%

Question 32

precapillary sphincters control

Answer 32

blood flow in capillary beds supplied with metarterioles

Question 33

relaxation of precapillary sphincters

Answer 33

caps well perfused with blood

Question 34

contraction of precap sphincters

Answer 34

caps constrict the entry to cap and blood bypasses the capillary

Question 35

percent of blood in veins

Answer 35

64%

Question 36

percent of blood in systemic arteries

Answer 36

13%

Question 37

veins have steady

Answer 37

blood flow, unlike pulses in arteries

Question 38

veins subjected to relatively low

Answer 38

blood pressure

Question 39

veins have greater ____ than capillaries

Answer 39

porosity, exchange fluid with surrounding tissues

Question 40

what propels blood through veins

Answer 40

skeletal muscle pumps

Question 41

venus sinuses

Answer 41

modified veins with thin walls, occur in select locations of body, no capable of vasoconstriction

Question 42

portal system

Answer 42

blood flows through 2 consecutive capillary networks before returning to heart (hypothal and anterior pituitary, intestines and liver)

Question 43

anastomosis

Answer 43

convergence between 2 vessels other than capillaries

Question 44

the greater the pressure difference between 2 points, the greater the

Answer 44

flow

Question 45

the greater the resistance, the lesser the

Answer 45

flow

Question 46

pulse pressure is measured by

Answer 46

the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

Question 47

mean arterial pressure is measured by

Answer 47

diastolic + (1/3 of pulse pressure)

Question 48

MAP is

Answer 48

average BP that most influences risk level for edema, syncope, atherosclerosis, kidney failure, and aneurysm

Question 49

arteries are

Answer 49

pulsatile

Question 50

blood in caps and veins flows at steady speed unlike arteries due to

Answer 50

distance dampening and artery elasticity that creates less pulsation

Question 51

kidneys have most influence on

Answer 51

BP of any organs

Question 52

pressure and flow decline with

Answer 52

increased distance

Question 53

greatest control over blood flow

Answer 53

vessel radius

Question 54

blood speed increase/decrease as distance from aorta increase

Answer 54

decreases

Question 55

most significant point of control over

Answer 55

peripheral resistance and flow

Question 56

produces 50% of the total peripheral resistance

Answer 56

arterioles

Question 57

oncotic pressure overrides

Answer 57

hydrostatic pressure

Question 58

capillary gives off fluid on ____ end and reabsorbs fluid on _____ end

Answer 58

arterial, venous

Question 59

most common type of shock

Answer 59

hypovolemic shock

Question 60

3 major proteins

Answer 60

albumins, globulins, fibrinogen