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BIBLE Principles Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

What does Vmax mean?

A

Maximum velocity of the reaction

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2
Q

What does Km mean?

A

Concentration of substrate that gives half of the Vmax

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3
Q

What type of curve is the oxygen haemoglobin dissociation curve?

A

Sigmoidal

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4
Q

What causes a right shift in the oxygen haemoglobin dissociation curve?

A 
Increased CO2 
Increased Acid 
Increased 2,3-DPG 
Increased Exercise 
Increased Temperature 
(CADET look right!)
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5
Q

What curve is followed by myoglobin?

A

Hyperbolic (michaelis menten kinetics)

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6
Q

How does competitive inhibition affect the Km and Vmax?

A

Vmax remains the same

Km will vary

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7
Q

How does non-competitive inhibition affect the Km and Vmax?

A

Vmax varies

Km stays the same

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8
Q

What is the key enzyme of glycolysis?

A

Phosphofructokinase

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9
Q

How much ATP is used and produced in the TCA cycle?

A

2 ATP used
4 produced
Net = 2 ATP

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10
Q

Where does glycolysis take place?

A

Cytoplasm

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11
Q

Where does the krebs cycle take place?

A

Mitochondrial matrix

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12
Q

Where does electron transport occur?

A

inner mitochondrial membrane

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13
Q

What is responsible for product entry in the TCA cycle?

A

Hexokinase

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14
Q

What is responsivel for product exit in TCA cycle?

A

Pyruvate kinase

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15
Q

Which Ig is found in mucosa?

A

IgA

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16
Q

Which Ig is found in breast milk?

A

IgA

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17
Q

Which Ig is associated with hypersensitivity?

A

IgE

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18
Q

What receptors does IgE bind to to bring about a response?

A

Fc receptors

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19
Q

What is the most common type of antibody?

A

IgG

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20
Q

What is the first antibody to appear in response to an antigen?

A

IgM

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21
Q

What bacteria produces endotoxin?

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A

Gram negative bacteria

22
Q

What bacteria produces exotoxin?

Study These Flashcards
A

Gram positive bacteria

23
Q

What antibiotic is used for gram positive cover?

24
Q

What are mycin antibiotics used for (e.g. clarithromycin)?

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A

Streptococcal infections

25
What is the inheritance pattern of CF?
Autosomal recessive (25%)
26
What are characteristics of an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern?
2 mutated copies required Parents usually unaffected (carriers) Not seen in every generation
27
What is an oncogene?
A gene with the potential to cause cancer
28
Name an oncogene
ras/myc
29
What do oncogenes do?
Stimulate cell growth and inhibit death
30
Name tumour suppressor genes
p53 APC BRCA1
31
What is the function of tumour suppressor genes?
Inhibit cell growth and stimulate death
32
What division of the ANS controls erection?
Parasympathetic
33
What division of the ANS controls ejaculation?
Sympathetic | Point and Shoot
34
What cells produce myelin sheath in the PNS?
Schwann cells
35
What are the insulating cells of the CNS called?
Oligodendrocytes
36
What is the function of Astrocytes in the CNS?
Homeostasis
37
What is the function of microglia in the CNS?
Immune surveillance
38
What colour do gram positive bacteria stain?
Purple
39
What shapes are gram positive bacteria?
Cocci or Bacilli
40
What toxin is produced by gram positive bacteria?
Exotoxin
41
What bacteria is gram positive bacteria in clusters?
Usually staphylococcus (S. aureus)
42
What bacteria is gram positive bacteria in chains?
Usually streptococcus | S. pneumoniae (alpha haemolytic)
43
What colour does gram-negative bacteria stain?
Pink
44
What toxin does gram-negative bacteria produce?
Endotoxin
45
Define hyperplasia
Increase in cell number
46
Define Hypertrophy
Increase in cell size
47
Define atrophy
Decrease in cell size
48
Define Metaplasia
Change from one mature cell type to another
49
Define Neoplasia
New growth not in response to stimulus
50
Define Dysplasia
Disordered growth without stimulus
51
Define Apoptosis
Organised cell death

BIBLE Flashcards (8 decks)

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