BIBLE Principles Flashcards Preview

BIBLE Flashcards > BIBLE Principles > Flashcards

Flashcards in BIBLE Principles Deck (51)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What does Vmax mean?

A

Maximum velocity of the reaction

2
Q

What does Km mean?

A

Concentration of substrate that gives half of the Vmax

3
Q

What type of curve is the oxygen haemoglobin dissociation curve?

A

Sigmoidal

4
Q

What causes a right shift in the oxygen haemoglobin dissociation curve?

A
Increased CO2 
Increased Acid 
Increased 2,3-DPG 
Increased Exercise 
Increased Temperature 
(CADET look right!)
5
Q

What curve is followed by myoglobin?

A

Hyperbolic (michaelis menten kinetics)

6
Q

How does competitive inhibition affect the Km and Vmax?

A

Vmax remains the same

Km will vary

7
Q

How does non-competitive inhibition affect the Km and Vmax?

A

Vmax varies

Km stays the same

8
Q

What is the key enzyme of glycolysis?

A

Phosphofructokinase

9
Q

How much ATP is used and produced in the TCA cycle?

A

2 ATP used
4 produced
Net = 2 ATP

10
Q

Where does glycolysis take place?

A

Cytoplasm

11
Q

Where does the krebs cycle take place?

A

Mitochondrial matrix

12
Q

Where does electron transport occur?

A

inner mitochondrial membrane

13
Q

What is responsible for product entry in the TCA cycle?

A

Hexokinase

14
Q

What is responsivel for product exit in TCA cycle?

A

Pyruvate kinase

15
Q

Which Ig is found in mucosa?

A

IgA

16
Q

Which Ig is found in breast milk?

A

IgA

17
Q

Which Ig is associated with hypersensitivity?

A

IgE

18
Q

What receptors does IgE bind to to bring about a response?

A

Fc receptors

19
Q

What is the most common type of antibody?

A

IgG

20
Q

What is the first antibody to appear in response to an antigen?

A

IgM

21
Q

What bacteria produces endotoxin?

A

Gram negative bacteria

22
Q

What bacteria produces exotoxin?

A

Gram positive bacteria

23
Q

What antibiotic is used for gram positive cover?

A

Vancomycin

24
Q

What are mycin antibiotics used for (e.g. clarithromycin)?

A

Streptococcal infections

25
Q

What is the inheritance pattern of CF?

A

Autosomal recessive (25%)

26
Q

What are characteristics of an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern?

A

2 mutated copies required
Parents usually unaffected (carriers)
Not seen in every generation

27
Q

What is an oncogene?

A

A gene with the potential to cause cancer

28
Q

Name an oncogene

A

ras/myc

29
Q

What do oncogenes do?

A

Stimulate cell growth and inhibit death

30
Q

Name tumour suppressor genes

A

p53
APC
BRCA1

31
Q

What is the function of tumour suppressor genes?

A

Inhibit cell growth and stimulate death

32
Q

What division of the ANS controls erection?

A

Parasympathetic

33
Q

What division of the ANS controls ejaculation?

A

Sympathetic

Point and Shoot

34
Q

What cells produce myelin sheath in the PNS?

A

Schwann cells

35
Q

What are the insulating cells of the CNS called?

A

Oligodendrocytes

36
Q

What is the function of Astrocytes in the CNS?

A

Homeostasis

37
Q

What is the function of microglia in the CNS?

A

Immune surveillance

38
Q

What colour do gram positive bacteria stain?

A

Purple

39
Q

What shapes are gram positive bacteria?

A

Cocci or Bacilli

40
Q

What toxin is produced by gram positive bacteria?

A

Exotoxin

41
Q

What bacteria is gram positive bacteria in clusters?

A

Usually staphylococcus (S. aureus)

42
Q

What bacteria is gram positive bacteria in chains?

A

Usually streptococcus

S. pneumoniae (alpha haemolytic)

43
Q

What colour does gram-negative bacteria stain?

A

Pink

44
Q

What toxin does gram-negative bacteria produce?

A

Endotoxin

45
Q

Define hyperplasia

A

Increase in cell number

46
Q

Define Hypertrophy

A

Increase in cell size

47
Q

Define atrophy

A

Decrease in cell size

48
Q

Define Metaplasia

A

Change from one mature cell type to another

49
Q

Define Neoplasia

A

New growth not in response to stimulus

50
Q

Define Dysplasia

A

Disordered growth without stimulus

51
Q

Define Apoptosis

A

Organised cell death