bio

Question 1

the basic unit of life

Answer 1

cell

Question 2

coined the term “cell” for the box-like structure he observed when viewing cork tissue

Answer 2

Robert Hooke

Question 3

discovered bacteria and protozoa he termed “animalcules”

Answer 3

Leeuwenhoek

Question 4

they both studies tissues and proposed that plants and animals are made up of cells

Answer 4

Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann

Question 5

stated “omnis cellula e cellula”

Answer 5

Rudolf Virchow

Question 6

three postulates of cell

Answer 6

1.cell is the basic unit of life
2.both plants and animals are made up of cells
3.a cell comes from pre-existing cells

Question 7

a cell that functions in transport of oxygen in the different parts of the body

Answer 7

Red Blood Cells

Question 8

this causes dysentery or diarrhea found in vegetations in streams and ponds

Answer 8

amoeba proteus

Question 9

controls the activity and processes of the organelles

Answer 9

nucleus

Question 10

found within the nucleus that contains DNA and RNA

Answer 10

Nucleolus

Question 11

is the starting material in production of proteins for metabolism

Answer 11

RNA

Question 12

has presence of ribosomes attached to it that provides surface for synthesis of proteins

Answer 12

Rough ER

Question 13

does not have ribosomes attached to it, it provides surface for the synthesis of lipids

Answer 13

Smooth ER

Question 14

responsible for packaging and checking of proteins

Answer 14

Golgi apparatus

Question 15

serves as the waste organelle that digests ad eliminates defective proteins

Answer 15

Lysosome

Question 16

transport proteins to the different parts of the cell or in the neighboring cells

Answer 16

Vesicles

Question 17

produces ATP (the energy needed for the processes in the cell)

Answer 17

Mitochondria

Question 18

contains chlorophyll that is responsible in production of glucose or sugar

Answer 18

Chloroplast

Question 19

keeps organelles in place

Answer 19

cytoplasm

Question 20

is the boundary of the cell, it controls cell to cell communication, permeability of materials and made up of proteins, glycoproteins and phospholipid bilayer

Answer 20

cell membrane

Question 21

cell type of plants and animals

Answer 21

eukaryotic cell

Question 22

this type of cell has membrane-bound organelles

Answer 22

eukaryotic cell

Question 23

cell type of bacteria

Answer 23

prokaryotic cell

Question 24

a type of cell that has no membrane-bound organelles

Answer 24

prokaryotic cell

Question 25

is a substance that can cause an infection

Answer 25

pathogen

Question 26

pathogen that causes strep throat

Answer 26

streptococcus(bacteria)

Question 27

pathogen that causes common cold

Answer 27

rhinovirus(virus)

Question 28

pathogen that causes malaria

Answer 28

plasmodium(protozoan)

Question 29

pathogen that causes tapeworm

Answer 29

cestoda(animal)

Question 30

this type of cell contains circular chromosome called a plasmid

Answer 30

prokaryotic cell

Question 31

a package of DNA

Answer 31

chromosome

Question 32

how does prokaryotic cells help

Answer 32

digesting of food prevent in stomach ulcers

Question 33

stores water within a plant cell

Answer 33

central vacuole

Question 34

closely stacked, flattened sacs (plants) only

Answer 34

chloroplast

Question 35

the site of protein synthesis, transports materials within the cell

Answer 35

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 36

transports materials outside of the cell

Answer 36

vesicle

Question 37

the region inside of the cell except for the nucleus

Answer 37

cytoplasm

Question 38

organelle that manages or controls all the cell functions in a eukaryotic cell

Answer 38

nucleus

Question 39

contains chlorophyll, a green pigment that traps energy from sunlight and gives plants their green color

Answer 39

chloroplast

Question 40

digests excess or worn-out cell parts, food particles, invading viruses or bacteria

Answer 40

lysosomes

Question 41

firm, protective structure that gives the cell its shape in plants and bacteria

Answer 41

cell wall

Question 42

produces a usable form of energy for the cell

Answer 42

mitochondria

Question 43

packages proteins within the cell and makes lipids

Answer 43

golgi apparatus

Question 44

gives the cell structure and holds organelles in place

Answer 44

cytoskeleton

Question 45

site where ribosomes are made

Answer 45

nucleolus

Question 46

the membrane surrounding the cell

Answer 46

plasma membrane

Question 47

name for the collection of DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotic cell

Answer 47

chromatin

Question 48

consist of hollow tubes which provide support for the cell

Answer 48

microtubules

Question 49

small hair-like structures used for movement or sensing things

Answer 49

cillia

Question 50

longer whip-like structures used for movement

Answer 50

flagella

Question 51

Cells vary widely with respect to:

Answer 51

shape size number of organelles types of organelles

Question 52

These specialized cells make up about 40–45% of the total volume of blood they have the important job of carrying oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body

Answer 52

red blood cells

Question 53

the specialized cells that have the important job of absorbing the water when it passes through the stomach to the intestines

Answer 53

intestinal lining cells

Question 54

thousands of tiny finger-like projections that help in absorbing water in the intestinal lining cells by increasing the surface area so the cell can absorb water more quickly.

Answer 54

microvilli

Question 55

these specialized cells store the energy from food for future use They are found under the skin and surrounding internal organs. they contain droplets of fat in the cytosol

Answer 55

fat cells

Question 56

this specialized cell protects the surface of the body and cover the organs and body cavities within

Answer 56

epithelial cells

Question 57

this specialized cell makes up the bones which support and protect the body

Answer 57

bone cells

Question 58

four components shared among all cells:

Answer 58

plasma membrane cytoplasm DNA ribosome

Question 59

a lipid molecule with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate-containing group

Answer 59

phospholipid

Question 60

part of the plasma membrane which is a protein with carbohydrate attached

Answer 60

glycoprotein

Question 61

part of the plasma membrane which is a lipid with carbohydrate attached

Answer 61

glycolipid

Question 62

the region in the prokaryotic cell that prokaryotic DNA is found

Answer 62

nucleoid

Question 63

used to exchange genetic material during a type of reproduction called conjugation in prokaryotic cell

Answer 63

pili

Question 64

these are used by bacteria to attach to a host cell

Answer 64

fimbriae

Question 65

is a double-membrane structure that constitutes the outermost portion of the nucleus

Answer 65

nuclear envelope

Question 66

is the semi-solid fluid inside the nucleus where chromatin and nucleolus can be found

Answer 66

nucleoplasm

Question 67

an unwound protein DNA complexes, a material that makes up the chromosome both when condensed and decondensed

Answer 67

chromatin

Question 68

the two subunits of ribosome

Answer 68

large subunit small subunit

Question 69

cell's main energy carrying molecule

Answer 69

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 70

small, round organelles enclosed by single membranes that carry out oxidation reactions that break down fatty acids and amino acids

Answer 70

peroxisomes

Question 71

specialized peroxisomes in plants that are responsible for converting stored fats into sugars

Answer 71

glyoxysomes

Question 72

is a group of membranes and organelles in eukaryotic cells that works together to modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins

Answer 72

endomembrane system

Question 73

an organelle within the nucleus that is organized around regions of some chromosomes containing DNA that encodes ribosomal DNA.

Answer 73

nucleolus

Question 74

organelle that synthesizes carbohydrates, lipids, and steroid hormones

Answer 74

smooth ER

Question 75

a specialized smooth ER in the muscle cell that is responsible for storage of the calcium ions for coordinate contractions of the muscle cell

Answer 75

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 76

receiving side of the golgi apparatus

Answer 76

cis face

Question 77

opposite side of the receiving side of the golgi apparatus

Answer 77

trans face

Question 78

three types of fibers within the cytoskeleton

Answer 78

microfilaments intermediate filaments microtubules

Question 79

the narrowest type of protein fiber in the cytoskeleton

Answer 79

microfilaments

Question 80

this filament is purely for structural in cell, they bear tension, thus maintaining the shape of the cell and anchor the nucleus and organelles in place

Answer 80

intermediate filaments

Question 81

are small hollow tubes that help the cell resist compression, track for vesicles to move, pull replicated chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell and are also the structural elements of flagella, cilia, and centrioles

Answer 81

microtubules

Question 82

an organelle where all microtubules originate, a microtubule-organizing center found near the nuclei of animal cells

Answer 82

centrosome

Question 83

chief component of prokaryotic cell wall

Answer 83

peptidoglycan

Question 84

the major organic molecule in the plant cell wall

Answer 84

cellulose

Question 85

a set of interconnected and stacked fluid-filled membrane sacs within the space enclosed by a chloroplasts inner membrane

Answer 85

thylakoids

Question 86

this is called as the stack of thylakoids

Answer 86

granum

Question 87

the fluid enclosed by the inner membrane that surrounds the grana

Answer 87

stroma

Question 88

the green pigment that captures the light energy that drives the photosynthesis

Answer 88

chlorophyll